Etiology Signs & Symptoms in Children Risk Factors
§ FVD is defined as decreased § Fewer wet diapers § Excessive GI loss: vomiting, nasogastric
intravascular, interstitial, and/or § No tears when crying (if older than 2-3 suctioning, diarrhea
intracellular fluid. (Dehydration) months) § Excessive renal system losses: diuretic
§ FVD is a state or condition where fluid § Mucous membranes dry/sticky therapy, kidney disease, adrenal
output exceeds the fluid intake. It § High pitched cry/irritability insufficiency
happens when water and electrolytes § Difficulty in awakening § Third spacing: burns
are lost as they exist in normal body § Increased resp rate or difficulty § Hemorrhage or plasma loss
fluids. (hypovolemia) breathing § Altered intake: anorexia, nausea,
§ Most common cause is excessive loss of § Sunken fontanel/abnormal skin impaired swallowing, confusion, nothing
GI fluids from vomiting, diarrhea, color/temp/dryness by mouth (NPO) (decreases intake of
intestinal fistulas & intestinal damage. water & sodium
§ Other causes include diuretics, renal § Excess ivee skin loss: diaphoresis
xcessiv
iv
deficits, endocrine disorders, excessive (sweating) w/out water and sodium
fluid loss r/t exercise, heat, hemorrhage, replacement
abuse of laxatives
§ Third spacing: shift of fluid from
vascular system into areas where it is
not available to the body to use.
Common after severe burns Nursing Care
Diagnosis
Measure all fluids that enter & leave the
Expected Findings in Adults Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) §
body. (strict I&O’s)
(Hypovolemia) § Check electrolytes, CBC, & urine specific
§ Vital signs: hypothermia (hypovolemia)
or hyperthermia (dehydration), gravity (Laboratory values)
tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, § Encourage fluids, as tolerated
decreased central venous pressure, o Continue breastfeeding, Pedialyte
tachypnea (increased respirations), Labs for children
hypoxia § Fluid replacement by IV, as needed
§ Hct § Monitor respiratory rate, effort, &
§ Neuromusculoskeletal: dizziness, § Blood osmolarity
syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue, oxygen saturation
§ Urine specific gravity § Measure clients weight weight daily at
seizures (rapid/severe dehydration) § Blood sodium
§ GI: thirst, dry mucous membranes, dry same time of day using the same scale
§ BUN
furrowed tongue, nausea, vomiting, § Observe for nausea & vomiting
anorexia, acute weight loss § Monitor LOC & ensure client safety
§ Renal: oliguria (decreased urine
§ FVD is defined as decreased § Fewer wet diapers § Excessive GI loss: vomiting, nasogastric
intravascular, interstitial, and/or § No tears when crying (if older than 2-3 suctioning, diarrhea
intracellular fluid. (Dehydration) months) § Excessive renal system losses: diuretic
§ FVD is a state or condition where fluid § Mucous membranes dry/sticky therapy, kidney disease, adrenal
output exceeds the fluid intake. It § High pitched cry/irritability insufficiency
happens when water and electrolytes § Difficulty in awakening § Third spacing: burns
are lost as they exist in normal body § Increased resp rate or difficulty § Hemorrhage or plasma loss
fluids. (hypovolemia) breathing § Altered intake: anorexia, nausea,
§ Most common cause is excessive loss of § Sunken fontanel/abnormal skin impaired swallowing, confusion, nothing
GI fluids from vomiting, diarrhea, color/temp/dryness by mouth (NPO) (decreases intake of
intestinal fistulas & intestinal damage. water & sodium
§ Other causes include diuretics, renal § Excess ivee skin loss: diaphoresis
xcessiv
iv
deficits, endocrine disorders, excessive (sweating) w/out water and sodium
fluid loss r/t exercise, heat, hemorrhage, replacement
abuse of laxatives
§ Third spacing: shift of fluid from
vascular system into areas where it is
not available to the body to use.
Common after severe burns Nursing Care
Diagnosis
Measure all fluids that enter & leave the
Expected Findings in Adults Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) §
body. (strict I&O’s)
(Hypovolemia) § Check electrolytes, CBC, & urine specific
§ Vital signs: hypothermia (hypovolemia)
or hyperthermia (dehydration), gravity (Laboratory values)
tachycardia, thready pulse, hypotension, § Encourage fluids, as tolerated
decreased central venous pressure, o Continue breastfeeding, Pedialyte
tachypnea (increased respirations), Labs for children
hypoxia § Fluid replacement by IV, as needed
§ Hct § Monitor respiratory rate, effort, &
§ Neuromusculoskeletal: dizziness, § Blood osmolarity
syncope, confusion, weakness, fatigue, oxygen saturation
§ Urine specific gravity § Measure clients weight weight daily at
seizures (rapid/severe dehydration) § Blood sodium
§ GI: thirst, dry mucous membranes, dry same time of day using the same scale
§ BUN
furrowed tongue, nausea, vomiting, § Observe for nausea & vomiting
anorexia, acute weight loss § Monitor LOC & ensure client safety
§ Renal: oliguria (decreased urine
