Exam Bank Solution Manual for Acute Gastroenteritis- Pathophysiology and Management Rated 100%
Acute Gastroenteritis - Answers A sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines, primarily
caused by infection from viruses, bacteria, or parasites, or due to ingestion of toxins, characterized by
symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sometimes fever.
Dehydration - Answers A condition resulting from fluid loss, which can vary in severity due to Acute
Gastroenteritis, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and
immunocompromised individuals.
Rotavirus - Answers The predominant viral cause of Acute Gastroenteritis in children.
Norovirus - Answers The leading viral cause of Acute Gastroenteritis in adults, often associated with
outbreaks in crowded settings.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) - Answers A type of bacteria frequently associated with foodborne illnesses and
can cause Acute Gastroenteritis.
Salmonella - Answers A bacterium that can cause foodborne illness and is associated with Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Shigella - Answers A bacterium that can lead to gastrointestinal infections and is linked to Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Campylobacter - Answers A bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal illness and is associated with
Acute Gastroenteritis.
Clostridium difficile - Answers A bacterium that can disrupt normal gut flora and lead to severe
gastrointestinal issues, including Acute Gastroenteritis.
Giardia lamblia - Answers A parasite that can cause gastrointestinal infections and is associated with
Acute Gastroenteritis.
Cryptosporidium - Answers A parasite that can lead to gastrointestinal illness and is linked to Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli - Answers A type of E. coli that binds to intestinal cells, stimulating secretion of
electrolytes and water, leading to watery diarrhea.
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance - Answers A condition resulting from the loss of fluids and electrolytes
due to diarrhea and vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and acid-base disturbances.
Systemic Immune Response - Answers An inflammatory response triggered by pathogens, involving the
release of cytokines and chemokines, leading to systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise.
Fecal-oral route - Answers The primary transmission method for Acute Gastroenteritis, involving
contamination through feces.
, Incubation period - Answers The time frame that may vary from 12-72 hours depending on the causative
agent of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Asymptomatic infection - Answers A common occurrence in Acute Gastroenteritis where individuals do
not show symptoms but may still excrete the pathogen.
Complications - Answers Potential adverse effects of Acute Gastroenteritis, including irritant diaper
dermatitis, hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, renal tubular damage, liver function impairment, and seizures.
Watery bloodless diarrhea - Answers A typical symptom of Acute Gastroenteritis, which can result in 10-
20 bowel movements daily in severe cases.
Low-grade fever - Answers A common symptom associated with Acute Gastroenteritis.
Malabsorption - Answers A condition resulting from the destruction of villous cells in the small intestine
due to viral infections, leading to decreased absorption surface area.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines - Answers Molecules released during the inflammatory response that
contribute to symptoms of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Vomiting center stimulation - Answers A process triggered by preformed toxins ingested through
contaminated food, leading to rapid onset vomiting and diarrhea.
Metabolic acidosis - Answers A potential acid-base disturbance resulting from fluid and electrolyte
imbalances in severe cases of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Extraintestinal site involvement - Answers Common in immunocompromised patients affecting multiple
organs.
Complications of gastroenteritis - Answers Includes diaper dermatitis, hypoglycemia, and seizures.
Nausea and vomiting - Answers Frequent symptoms in acute gastroenteritis cases.
Abdominal cramps - Answers Common symptom associated with gastroenteritis.
Malaise - Answers General feeling of discomfort or unease.
Symptom duration - Answers Typically lasts 3-8 days in gastroenteritis.
Diagnosis - Answers Based on detailed history and physical examination.
Vomiting assessment - Answers Evaluate onset, frequency, and quantity.
Diarrhea assessment - Answers Character and quantity are crucial for diagnosis.
Immunization status - Answers Important factor in assessing gastroenteritis risk.
Contaminated food - Answers Common transmission route for gastroenteritis.
Acute Gastroenteritis - Answers A sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines, primarily
caused by infection from viruses, bacteria, or parasites, or due to ingestion of toxins, characterized by
symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and sometimes fever.
Dehydration - Answers A condition resulting from fluid loss, which can vary in severity due to Acute
Gastroenteritis, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as infants, the elderly, and
immunocompromised individuals.
Rotavirus - Answers The predominant viral cause of Acute Gastroenteritis in children.
Norovirus - Answers The leading viral cause of Acute Gastroenteritis in adults, often associated with
outbreaks in crowded settings.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) - Answers A type of bacteria frequently associated with foodborne illnesses and
can cause Acute Gastroenteritis.
Salmonella - Answers A bacterium that can cause foodborne illness and is associated with Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Shigella - Answers A bacterium that can lead to gastrointestinal infections and is linked to Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Campylobacter - Answers A bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal illness and is associated with
Acute Gastroenteritis.
Clostridium difficile - Answers A bacterium that can disrupt normal gut flora and lead to severe
gastrointestinal issues, including Acute Gastroenteritis.
Giardia lamblia - Answers A parasite that can cause gastrointestinal infections and is associated with
Acute Gastroenteritis.
Cryptosporidium - Answers A parasite that can lead to gastrointestinal illness and is linked to Acute
Gastroenteritis.
Enterotoxigenic E. coli - Answers A type of E. coli that binds to intestinal cells, stimulating secretion of
electrolytes and water, leading to watery diarrhea.
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance - Answers A condition resulting from the loss of fluids and electrolytes
due to diarrhea and vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and acid-base disturbances.
Systemic Immune Response - Answers An inflammatory response triggered by pathogens, involving the
release of cytokines and chemokines, leading to systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise.
Fecal-oral route - Answers The primary transmission method for Acute Gastroenteritis, involving
contamination through feces.
, Incubation period - Answers The time frame that may vary from 12-72 hours depending on the causative
agent of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Asymptomatic infection - Answers A common occurrence in Acute Gastroenteritis where individuals do
not show symptoms but may still excrete the pathogen.
Complications - Answers Potential adverse effects of Acute Gastroenteritis, including irritant diaper
dermatitis, hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, renal tubular damage, liver function impairment, and seizures.
Watery bloodless diarrhea - Answers A typical symptom of Acute Gastroenteritis, which can result in 10-
20 bowel movements daily in severe cases.
Low-grade fever - Answers A common symptom associated with Acute Gastroenteritis.
Malabsorption - Answers A condition resulting from the destruction of villous cells in the small intestine
due to viral infections, leading to decreased absorption surface area.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines - Answers Molecules released during the inflammatory response that
contribute to symptoms of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Vomiting center stimulation - Answers A process triggered by preformed toxins ingested through
contaminated food, leading to rapid onset vomiting and diarrhea.
Metabolic acidosis - Answers A potential acid-base disturbance resulting from fluid and electrolyte
imbalances in severe cases of Acute Gastroenteritis.
Extraintestinal site involvement - Answers Common in immunocompromised patients affecting multiple
organs.
Complications of gastroenteritis - Answers Includes diaper dermatitis, hypoglycemia, and seizures.
Nausea and vomiting - Answers Frequent symptoms in acute gastroenteritis cases.
Abdominal cramps - Answers Common symptom associated with gastroenteritis.
Malaise - Answers General feeling of discomfort or unease.
Symptom duration - Answers Typically lasts 3-8 days in gastroenteritis.
Diagnosis - Answers Based on detailed history and physical examination.
Vomiting assessment - Answers Evaluate onset, frequency, and quantity.
Diarrhea assessment - Answers Character and quantity are crucial for diagnosis.
Immunization status - Answers Important factor in assessing gastroenteritis risk.
Contaminated food - Answers Common transmission route for gastroenteritis.
