PPR, PPR Texes 160, TExES PPR
Concepts and Terms with
Complete Solutions
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER-Jean Piaget, a Swiss
psychologist, developed a theory of how cognition develops and changes
over time.
Four Stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER-Piaget
proposed that a child's intellect progresses through four stages:
1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
2) Preoperational (2-7)
3) Concrete operational (7-11)
4) Formal operational (11-adulthood)
How does Piaget think kids learn? - ANSWER-Children learn through active
interaction and manipulation of the environment.
,What do Piaget's stages mean? - ANSWER-The stage the child is in
determines how they see the world. Piaget believed that all students pass
through the stages in order and cannot skip any stage.
Schemes - ANSWER-Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive
structures that help children process and organize information to make
sense of the environment.
Conservation - ANSWER-The concept that certain properties of an object
remain the same regardless of changes in other properties.
Centration - ANSWER-Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or
situation; what is commonly called tunnel vision.
Reversibility - ANSWER-The ability to perform a mental operation and then
reverse thinking to return to the starting point.
Assimilation - ANSWER-Understanding new experiences in terms of existing
schemes.
,Accommodation - ANSWER-Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations
in the environment.
Adaptation - ANSWER-The process of adjusting schemes in response to the
environment through assimilation or accommodation. According to Piaget,
this is how learning occurs.
Equilibration - ANSWER-The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences. According to Piaget, learning depends
on this process so it is important for teachers to confront students with new
experiences or data to advance their cognitive development.
Disequilibrium - ANSWER-An imbalance between what a child understands
and what the child encounters through new experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage - ANSWER-The earliest stage (0-2) of cognitive
development during which infants learn about the environment by using
their senses and motor skills. Children develop object permanence and
progress from reflexive behavior to goal-directed behavior.
, Object Permanence - ANSWER-The fact that objects are physically stable and
exist even when the objects are not in the child's physical presence. This
enables the child to start using symbols to represent things in their minds so
they can think about them.
Preoperational Stage - ANSWER-The second stage (2-7) of cognitive
development in which children learn to represent things in their mind. During
this stage students develop the ability to use symbols to represent objects in
the world. Thinking remains egocentric and centered.
Egocentric - ANSWER-Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
Class Inclusion - ANSWER-The ability to think simultaneously about a whole
class of objects and about relationships among subordinate classes; a
framework for thinking.
Scaffolding - ANSWER-Support for learning and problem solving that include
clues, reminders, examples, or encouragement.
Cooperative Learning - ANSWER-Strategies in which students work together
to help one another learn by sharing perspectives and providing models of
slightly advanced thinking.
Concepts and Terms with
Complete Solutions
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER-Jean Piaget, a Swiss
psychologist, developed a theory of how cognition develops and changes
over time.
Four Stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ANSWER-Piaget
proposed that a child's intellect progresses through four stages:
1) Sensorimotor (0-2)
2) Preoperational (2-7)
3) Concrete operational (7-11)
4) Formal operational (11-adulthood)
How does Piaget think kids learn? - ANSWER-Children learn through active
interaction and manipulation of the environment.
,What do Piaget's stages mean? - ANSWER-The stage the child is in
determines how they see the world. Piaget believed that all students pass
through the stages in order and cannot skip any stage.
Schemes - ANSWER-Mental patterns that guide behavior; cognitive
structures that help children process and organize information to make
sense of the environment.
Conservation - ANSWER-The concept that certain properties of an object
remain the same regardless of changes in other properties.
Centration - ANSWER-Paying attention to only one aspect of an object or
situation; what is commonly called tunnel vision.
Reversibility - ANSWER-The ability to perform a mental operation and then
reverse thinking to return to the starting point.
Assimilation - ANSWER-Understanding new experiences in terms of existing
schemes.
,Accommodation - ANSWER-Modifying existing schemes to fit new situations
in the environment.
Adaptation - ANSWER-The process of adjusting schemes in response to the
environment through assimilation or accommodation. According to Piaget,
this is how learning occurs.
Equilibration - ANSWER-The process of restoring balance between present
understanding and new experiences. According to Piaget, learning depends
on this process so it is important for teachers to confront students with new
experiences or data to advance their cognitive development.
Disequilibrium - ANSWER-An imbalance between what a child understands
and what the child encounters through new experiences.
Sensorimotor Stage - ANSWER-The earliest stage (0-2) of cognitive
development during which infants learn about the environment by using
their senses and motor skills. Children develop object permanence and
progress from reflexive behavior to goal-directed behavior.
, Object Permanence - ANSWER-The fact that objects are physically stable and
exist even when the objects are not in the child's physical presence. This
enables the child to start using symbols to represent things in their minds so
they can think about them.
Preoperational Stage - ANSWER-The second stage (2-7) of cognitive
development in which children learn to represent things in their mind. During
this stage students develop the ability to use symbols to represent objects in
the world. Thinking remains egocentric and centered.
Egocentric - ANSWER-Believing that everyone sees the world as you do.
Class Inclusion - ANSWER-The ability to think simultaneously about a whole
class of objects and about relationships among subordinate classes; a
framework for thinking.
Scaffolding - ANSWER-Support for learning and problem solving that include
clues, reminders, examples, or encouragement.
Cooperative Learning - ANSWER-Strategies in which students work together
to help one another learn by sharing perspectives and providing models of
slightly advanced thinking.
