Fmst 210 Final Questions With Correct
Detailed Answers.
What are the 5 theories of human development? - ANSWER- 1. psychoanalytic
2. Behaviourist-Operant Conditioning
3. Behviourist-Social Learning
4. Cognitive
5. Sociocultural System
Psychoanalytic: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Development and
behaviour are the results of the interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts we are
unaware of and cannot control
Behviourist-Operant Conditioning: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER-
Behaviour becomes more or less probable depending on its consequences
Behviourist-Social Learning: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- People
actively process information, and their thoughts and feelings influence their behaviour
Cognitive: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Development and behavior are
the result of thought or cognition
Sociocultural System: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Emphasizes the role
of sociocultural context in development
(People are inseparable from the cultural beliefs and societal, neighbourhood, and
familial contexts in which they live)
Identify the 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations - ANSWER- - Dominant
Recessive Genetic Inheritance
- Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours
Dominant Recessive Genetic Inheritance - ANSWER- Dominant: some genes are
dominant and are always expresses, regardless of the gene it is paired with
(when an individual is heterozugous for a particular trait, the dominant gene is
expressed)
Recessive: some genes are recessive and will only be expressed fi paired with another
recessive gene
Identify the 4 Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours - ANSWER- Overall, health risks
increase with age (35+)
, - women are becoming pregnant later than ever
- pregnancy at age 35+ is linked with birth complications
- risk of down syndrome with higher maternal age
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Nutrition - ANSWER- Overall, lack of proper
nutrition increases pregnancy risks
- mothers should consume 2k-3k calories daily
- many mothers lack access to adequate nutrition
- lack of folic acid (a vitamin B) is linked to spina bifida (failure of neural tube to close)
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Emotional Well-being - ANSWER- Overall,
stress during pregnancy risk the fetus
- Exposure to chronic and severe stress pose risks to fetus
- Stress can raise fetus' heart rate and activity level
- Child could have symptoms of anxiety and ADHD
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Prenatal Care - ANSWER- Overall, more
prenatal care results healthier pregnancy
- Inadequate prenatal care is linked to low birth rate, preterm birth, and infant mortality
- Many avoid or delay seeking care (may be due to lack of health insurance)
- Ethnic and SES disparities in prenatal care
--> Women who have had negative healthcare experiences are less likely to put
themselves into healthcare system
Identify the 2 parts that make up Physical Development - ANSWER- - Contextual
Influences on Pubertal timing
- Psychosocial Effects of Early and Late Puberty
Identify the 3 Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing - ANSWER- 1. Nutrition
2. Stress
3. SES
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing: Nutrition - ANSWER- building fat stores help
build mensturation
- body needs to produce enough lepton (protein found in fat)
- adequate leptin > more weight > ovulation > mensturation
- weight needs to support a pregnancy
- girls are starting to have periods sooner since nutrition is improved today
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing: Stress - ANSWER- Overall, stress leads to
earlier onset of puberty
- Causes early menarche
Detailed Answers.
What are the 5 theories of human development? - ANSWER- 1. psychoanalytic
2. Behaviourist-Operant Conditioning
3. Behviourist-Social Learning
4. Cognitive
5. Sociocultural System
Psychoanalytic: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Development and
behaviour are the results of the interplay of inner drives, memories, and conflicts we are
unaware of and cannot control
Behviourist-Operant Conditioning: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER-
Behaviour becomes more or less probable depending on its consequences
Behviourist-Social Learning: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- People
actively process information, and their thoughts and feelings influence their behaviour
Cognitive: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Development and behavior are
the result of thought or cognition
Sociocultural System: Theory of Human Development - ANSWER- Emphasizes the role
of sociocultural context in development
(People are inseparable from the cultural beliefs and societal, neighbourhood, and
familial contexts in which they live)
Identify the 2 Biological and Environmental Foundations - ANSWER- - Dominant
Recessive Genetic Inheritance
- Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours
Dominant Recessive Genetic Inheritance - ANSWER- Dominant: some genes are
dominant and are always expresses, regardless of the gene it is paired with
(when an individual is heterozugous for a particular trait, the dominant gene is
expressed)
Recessive: some genes are recessive and will only be expressed fi paired with another
recessive gene
Identify the 4 Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours - ANSWER- Overall, health risks
increase with age (35+)
, - women are becoming pregnant later than ever
- pregnancy at age 35+ is linked with birth complications
- risk of down syndrome with higher maternal age
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Nutrition - ANSWER- Overall, lack of proper
nutrition increases pregnancy risks
- mothers should consume 2k-3k calories daily
- many mothers lack access to adequate nutrition
- lack of folic acid (a vitamin B) is linked to spina bifida (failure of neural tube to close)
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Emotional Well-being - ANSWER- Overall,
stress during pregnancy risk the fetus
- Exposure to chronic and severe stress pose risks to fetus
- Stress can raise fetus' heart rate and activity level
- Child could have symptoms of anxiety and ADHD
Maternal Characteristics and Behaviours: Prenatal Care - ANSWER- Overall, more
prenatal care results healthier pregnancy
- Inadequate prenatal care is linked to low birth rate, preterm birth, and infant mortality
- Many avoid or delay seeking care (may be due to lack of health insurance)
- Ethnic and SES disparities in prenatal care
--> Women who have had negative healthcare experiences are less likely to put
themselves into healthcare system
Identify the 2 parts that make up Physical Development - ANSWER- - Contextual
Influences on Pubertal timing
- Psychosocial Effects of Early and Late Puberty
Identify the 3 Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing - ANSWER- 1. Nutrition
2. Stress
3. SES
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing: Nutrition - ANSWER- building fat stores help
build mensturation
- body needs to produce enough lepton (protein found in fat)
- adequate leptin > more weight > ovulation > mensturation
- weight needs to support a pregnancy
- girls are starting to have periods sooner since nutrition is improved today
Contextual Influences on Pubertal Timing: Stress - ANSWER- Overall, stress leads to
earlier onset of puberty
- Causes early menarche
