genetic analysis an integrated approach 3rd edition sanders

Concepts of Genetics, 10e (Klug/Cummings/Spencer/Palladino)
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Chapter 1
b Introduction to Genetics
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1) What is the name of the company or institution that has access to the health, genealogical, and
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genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland?
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A) National Institutes of Health b b b



B) deCODE
C) Gattaca
D) Biogen
E) American Cancer Society b b



Answer: B
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Section: Introduction

2) A biotechnology company, deCODE, is in the process of creating a database that contains
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b .
A) the gene sequences of all newborns in the United States beginning in 2006
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B) a compilation of all the known genes in humans throughout the free world
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C) health, genealogical, and genetic information of approximately 270,000 residents of Iceland
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D) a complete sequence of the human genome
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E) all the information available on the human genome project
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Answer: C
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Section: Introduction

3) Why did deCODE select Iceland for its ambitious research project?
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A) a relatively low degree of genetic diversity
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B) frequent and extensive mutational bursts b b b b



C) high genetic diversity
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D) lack of genealogical information
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E) virtual absence of mutation b b b



Answer: A
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Section: Introduction

4) The genetic material DNA consists of basic subunits called
b b b b b b b b .
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) centrioles
D) nucleotides
E) None of the answers listed is correct.
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Answer: D
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Section: 1.3




1

,5) The immediate product of transcription is
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A) a phospholipid
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B) an amino acid
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C) a protein
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D) a carbohydrate
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E) RNA
Answer: E
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Section: 1.3
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6) In many species, there are two representatives of each chromosome. In such species, the
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characteristic number of chromosomes is called the
b b number. It is usually symbolized b b b b b b b b b



as
b .
A) haploid; n b



B) haploid; 2n b



C) diploid; 2n b



D) diploid; n b



E) None of the answers listed is correct.
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Answer: C
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Section: 1.2

7) Genetics is the study of b b b b .
A) heredity and variation b b



B) mutation and recession b b



C) transcription and translation b b



D) diploid and haploid b b



E) replication and recombination b b



Answer: A
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Section: 1.2

8) Early in the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of
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chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation. They
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proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the
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Answer: Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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Section: 1.2

9) What is a mutation?
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Answer: A mutation is an inherited change in a gene.
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Section: 1.2
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10) What is a simple definition of an allele?
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Answer: An allele is a variant form of a gene.
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Section: 1.2
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2

,11) Until the mid-1940s, many scientists considered proteins to be the likely candidates for the
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genetic material. Why?
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Answer: Proteins are the most abundant, universally distributed components in cells. Because
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of their great structural and functional diversity, they were considered likely candidates.
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Section: 1.2

12) Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s, demonstrated
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quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior ofhereditary
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factors.
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Answer: Gregor Mendel b



Section: 1.2
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13) What does the term genetics mean?
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Answer: Genetics is a subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and b b b b b b b b b b b b



variation at the molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, and populational levels.
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Section: 1.2

14) Name the substance that serves as the hereditary material in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
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Answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
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Section: 1.2

15) Name two individuals who provided the conceptual basis for our present understanding that
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genes are on chromosomes.
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Answer: Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri b b b b



Section: 1.2
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16) What term is used to describe the fact that different genes in an organism often provide
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differences in observable features?
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Answer: phenotype
Section: 1.2
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17) A fundamental property of DNA's nitrogenous bases that is necessary for the
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double-stranded nature of its structure is
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Answer: complementarity
Section: 1.3
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18) Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes, known as
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b , that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
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Answer: restriction enzymes
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Section: 1.4

19) Name the botanist who, in 1900, rediscovered the work of Gregor Mendel.
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Answer: Carl Correns
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Section: 1.2




3

, 20) Genetics is commonly seen as being grouped into several general areas: transmission,
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molecular, and population/evolution. Which biological processes are studied in transmission
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genetics?
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Answer: Mendelian inheritance (segregation and independent assortment), modification of b b b b b b b



Mendelian patterns, and pedigree analysis
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Section: Introduction and Summary Points b b b




21) Who owns transgenic organisms?
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Answer: Once produced, a patent can be obtained on a living organism, thereby offering
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exclusive use of the transgenic organism to the patent holder.
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Section: 1.5

22) In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
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traditional method of cloning by embryo splitting, Dolly was produced by which procedure?
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Answer: nuclear transfer
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Section: 1.4

23) What term is applied to a variety of projects whereby genome sequences are deposited in
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databases for research purposes?
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Answer: genomics
Section: 1.6
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24) The first draft of the human genome sequence was reported in 2001 by two groups, the
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publicly funded
b b _ and the private company . b b b b



Answer: Human Genome Project; Celera Corporation b b b b



Section: 1.6
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25) A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus
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musculus. What are the common names for these organisms?
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Answer: bacterium, yeast, roundworm, fruit fly, mouse b b b b b



Section: 1.6, 1.7
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26) What is meant by the term genome?
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Answer: The genome is all the DNA carried in an organism. b b b b b b b b b



Section: 1.4
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27) In nonviral systems, what is the nature of the hereditary substance?
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Answer: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded polymer organized as a double
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helix.
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Section: 1.3

28) What characterizes the content and function of a DNA microarray?
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Answer: A DNA microarray can carry thousands of genes that can be used to test for gene
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expression.
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Section: 1.5


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