PSY 203 Research Methods || A+ Verified Solutions.
Goal of behavioral research correct answers to discov
er how people perceive the world, think and feel, change over time, learn and make decisions,
and interact with others
What is the purpose of good experiments correct answers remove ambiguity/uncertainty
What are the nonscientific ways of knowing correct answers Tradition (foklore/wives'
tale/superstitions), authority, consensus (group), causal observation (personal biases), experience
Theory characteristics correct answers refutable/testable, neutral,
seek reasons/ explanations,
conditionals (if x then y), complex answers,
changes with new data,
unscathed by random events
contains relevant constructs which the theory can account for/explain
describes
associations among these constructs
hypothesized links between constructs and observable variables which can be used to measure
the constructs
Ideology characteristics correct answers Fixed/strong attitude,
moral,
obvious,
surface-level,
1 answer fits all,
simple answers,
rigid/defensive against contrary data,
over interprets random events
What is the goal of science correct answers to establish causality (cause and effect)
3 conditions for cause and effect relations to be made correct answers Direction: temporal
ordering (cause before effect)
association: covariation/ correlation (cause and effect are associated )
isolation: rule out third variables (no plausible explanation for the effect other than the
cause/limiting confounding variables)
Independent Variable correct answers manipulated/ experimental condition
, Dependent Variable correct answers outcome of interest
Newton's 4 Rules correct answers Admit no causes of things than are both true and sufficient to
explain their appearance
To the same natural effects, we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes
The qualities of bodies which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of
experimentation should be assumed to be universal qualities of all bodies
Theories obtained from experiments should be considered true until new experimental evidence
shows the old to be incorrect
Stanford Prison Study- Philip Zimbardo correct answers Prisoner or prison guard
Solomon Asch- Conformity correct answers confederates purposely said wrong answer to see if
the participant would agree with the group
Tuskegee Syphilis Study correct answers no informed consent because was not informed of real
purpose nor the risks
never given treatment or choice to quit
IRB correct answers Institutional Review Board
Dissemination and/or funding
Judgement of ethical merit of study
Exempt correct answers low risk, autonomous population
observation/survey/archival research
Expedited correct answers Some risk/recording
includes most psychology lab experiments
low stress levels but significant behavior change
Full-board correct answers High risk psychologically or physically
use of vulnerable populations
How to deal with deception correct answers Don't do it
consent to conceal
Goal of behavioral research correct answers to discov
er how people perceive the world, think and feel, change over time, learn and make decisions,
and interact with others
What is the purpose of good experiments correct answers remove ambiguity/uncertainty
What are the nonscientific ways of knowing correct answers Tradition (foklore/wives'
tale/superstitions), authority, consensus (group), causal observation (personal biases), experience
Theory characteristics correct answers refutable/testable, neutral,
seek reasons/ explanations,
conditionals (if x then y), complex answers,
changes with new data,
unscathed by random events
contains relevant constructs which the theory can account for/explain
describes
associations among these constructs
hypothesized links between constructs and observable variables which can be used to measure
the constructs
Ideology characteristics correct answers Fixed/strong attitude,
moral,
obvious,
surface-level,
1 answer fits all,
simple answers,
rigid/defensive against contrary data,
over interprets random events
What is the goal of science correct answers to establish causality (cause and effect)
3 conditions for cause and effect relations to be made correct answers Direction: temporal
ordering (cause before effect)
association: covariation/ correlation (cause and effect are associated )
isolation: rule out third variables (no plausible explanation for the effect other than the
cause/limiting confounding variables)
Independent Variable correct answers manipulated/ experimental condition
, Dependent Variable correct answers outcome of interest
Newton's 4 Rules correct answers Admit no causes of things than are both true and sufficient to
explain their appearance
To the same natural effects, we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes
The qualities of bodies which are found to belong to all bodies within the reach of
experimentation should be assumed to be universal qualities of all bodies
Theories obtained from experiments should be considered true until new experimental evidence
shows the old to be incorrect
Stanford Prison Study- Philip Zimbardo correct answers Prisoner or prison guard
Solomon Asch- Conformity correct answers confederates purposely said wrong answer to see if
the participant would agree with the group
Tuskegee Syphilis Study correct answers no informed consent because was not informed of real
purpose nor the risks
never given treatment or choice to quit
IRB correct answers Institutional Review Board
Dissemination and/or funding
Judgement of ethical merit of study
Exempt correct answers low risk, autonomous population
observation/survey/archival research
Expedited correct answers Some risk/recording
includes most psychology lab experiments
low stress levels but significant behavior change
Full-board correct answers High risk psychologically or physically
use of vulnerable populations
How to deal with deception correct answers Don't do it
consent to conceal
