PSY 203 Exam || All Correct.
Vygotsky's Theory correct answers Believed that social interaction, especially dialogues with
more knowledge members of a society (apprenticeship), is essential for children to acquire their
culture's ways of thinking and behaving.
Informed Consent correct answers Requires special interpretation when participants, such as
children under age 7 and cognitively impaired adults, cannot fully appreciate the research goals
and activities.
Bronfenbrenner's Theory correct answers Views the person as developing within a complex
system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
Microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macro system, & Chonosystem.
Reliability correct answers The extent to which a measure yields consistent results.
Validity correct answers Extent to which a measure actually assesses what researchers think it
assesses.
Example: David is a pharmacist, and has worked as such for nearly 30 years. He hopes that
someday his son will take over his drugstore, and so from an early age he has been "grooming"
young Daniel to follow in his footsteps. He has taught Daniel about how to dispense
medications, has let Daniel watch as he prepares difficult prescriptions, and has encouraged his
son to enjoy chemistry and biology in school. In a very real way, Daniel has been serving as a
young apprentice to his father for most of his life. Which theorist would be most attentive to this
sociocultural influence on Daniel's life? correct answers Lev Vygotsky
Homozygous correct answers Alleles from both parents are alike.
Heterozygous correct answers Having 2 different alleles from one's parents.
Age of Viability correct answers Between 22 and 28 weeks, is the point at which the fetus can
first survive if born early.
Risk factors that may affect prenatal development correct answers Nutrition, stress, mother's age,
teratogen, drugs, diseases, environmental hazards.
Stages of Labor (Stage 1) correct answers The longest stage of labor - lasting, on average, 12 to
14 hours with a first baby & 4-6 hours with later births. The uterus starts to contract.
Stages of Labor (Stage 2) correct answers - The baby passes through the cervix & enters the
vagina.
- The pregnant woman helps push the baby by contracting.
-The muscles in her abdomen. Within an hour the baby is delivered.
, Stages of Labor (Stage 3) correct answers The women pushes a few more times to expel the
placenta.
Preterm Baby correct answers -Babies born before the 36th week after conception.
-Their weight may be appropriate for the amount of time spent in the uterus.
-Preterm infants are tiny, sleepy, and unresponsive.
-They lag behind full-term infants developmentally, but by age 2 or 3 such differences have
vanished.
-Most preterm infants develop normally.
Example: Nora was born just after the 32nd week of pregnancy. According to your authors, she
would be referred to as a ________ baby correct answers Preterm.
Example: Which of the stages of labor is the briefest, and typically involves only a few "pushes"
to expel the placenta? correct answers Stage 3
Example: Kendrie has the disease called sickle cell anemia. She is not just a carrier of the illness,
but she actually has the disease itself. Which of the following best describes Kendrie's red blood
cell alleles? correct answers Homozygous
The Apgar Scale correct answers -Used to assess the infant's physical condition based on 5
criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, & color. Each vital sign
receives a score of 0, 1, or 2 with 2 being optimal.
-Score of 7 or better: good condition.
-Score between 4&6: baby needs help establishing breathing & other vital signs.
-Score of 3 or below: the baby is in serious danger & requires emergency medical attention.
Newborn Reflexes correct answers An inborn, automatic response to a particular form of
stimulation.
Moro Reflex - embracing reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Flinging arms wide &
bringing them back toward the body.
Rooting Reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Stroke the cheek, the baby turns his head in
search of nipple.
Palmar Grasp Reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Fingers squeeze against the palm of
hand.
Sucking Reflex (Newborn Reflex) correct answers At birth, babies adjust their sucking pressure
to how easily the milk flows from the nipple.
Babinski (Newborn Reflex) correct answers Baby's toes fan out when the sole of the foot is
stroked from heel to toe.
Vygotsky's Theory correct answers Believed that social interaction, especially dialogues with
more knowledge members of a society (apprenticeship), is essential for children to acquire their
culture's ways of thinking and behaving.
Informed Consent correct answers Requires special interpretation when participants, such as
children under age 7 and cognitively impaired adults, cannot fully appreciate the research goals
and activities.
Bronfenbrenner's Theory correct answers Views the person as developing within a complex
system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
Microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macro system, & Chonosystem.
Reliability correct answers The extent to which a measure yields consistent results.
Validity correct answers Extent to which a measure actually assesses what researchers think it
assesses.
Example: David is a pharmacist, and has worked as such for nearly 30 years. He hopes that
someday his son will take over his drugstore, and so from an early age he has been "grooming"
young Daniel to follow in his footsteps. He has taught Daniel about how to dispense
medications, has let Daniel watch as he prepares difficult prescriptions, and has encouraged his
son to enjoy chemistry and biology in school. In a very real way, Daniel has been serving as a
young apprentice to his father for most of his life. Which theorist would be most attentive to this
sociocultural influence on Daniel's life? correct answers Lev Vygotsky
Homozygous correct answers Alleles from both parents are alike.
Heterozygous correct answers Having 2 different alleles from one's parents.
Age of Viability correct answers Between 22 and 28 weeks, is the point at which the fetus can
first survive if born early.
Risk factors that may affect prenatal development correct answers Nutrition, stress, mother's age,
teratogen, drugs, diseases, environmental hazards.
Stages of Labor (Stage 1) correct answers The longest stage of labor - lasting, on average, 12 to
14 hours with a first baby & 4-6 hours with later births. The uterus starts to contract.
Stages of Labor (Stage 2) correct answers - The baby passes through the cervix & enters the
vagina.
- The pregnant woman helps push the baby by contracting.
-The muscles in her abdomen. Within an hour the baby is delivered.
, Stages of Labor (Stage 3) correct answers The women pushes a few more times to expel the
placenta.
Preterm Baby correct answers -Babies born before the 36th week after conception.
-Their weight may be appropriate for the amount of time spent in the uterus.
-Preterm infants are tiny, sleepy, and unresponsive.
-They lag behind full-term infants developmentally, but by age 2 or 3 such differences have
vanished.
-Most preterm infants develop normally.
Example: Nora was born just after the 32nd week of pregnancy. According to your authors, she
would be referred to as a ________ baby correct answers Preterm.
Example: Which of the stages of labor is the briefest, and typically involves only a few "pushes"
to expel the placenta? correct answers Stage 3
Example: Kendrie has the disease called sickle cell anemia. She is not just a carrier of the illness,
but she actually has the disease itself. Which of the following best describes Kendrie's red blood
cell alleles? correct answers Homozygous
The Apgar Scale correct answers -Used to assess the infant's physical condition based on 5
criteria: heart rate, respiratory effort, reflex irritability, muscle tone, & color. Each vital sign
receives a score of 0, 1, or 2 with 2 being optimal.
-Score of 7 or better: good condition.
-Score between 4&6: baby needs help establishing breathing & other vital signs.
-Score of 3 or below: the baby is in serious danger & requires emergency medical attention.
Newborn Reflexes correct answers An inborn, automatic response to a particular form of
stimulation.
Moro Reflex - embracing reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Flinging arms wide &
bringing them back toward the body.
Rooting Reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Stroke the cheek, the baby turns his head in
search of nipple.
Palmar Grasp Reflex (Newborn Reflexes) correct answers Fingers squeeze against the palm of
hand.
Sucking Reflex (Newborn Reflex) correct answers At birth, babies adjust their sucking pressure
to how easily the milk flows from the nipple.
Babinski (Newborn Reflex) correct answers Baby's toes fan out when the sole of the foot is
stroked from heel to toe.
