Equations, unit conversions, and physical constants
Equations
β −βf
Quality relations: β = x ⋅ β g + (1 − x) ⋅ β f , x = ,
βg − β f
where β is any mass specific property (i.e. specific volume (v), energy (u), or enthalpy (h)).
Ideal gas law: Pv = RiT , where Ri=Ru/Mmol.
T2 T2
Calorific equations of state: u2 − u1 = ∫ cv dT h2 − h1 =∫ c p dT
T1 T1
Calorific equation of state, average specific heat approximation: u 2 − u1 = cv , avg (T2 − T1 )
Mass flow rate relations: m = ρvA , where v is the velocity.
General conversion equations: ρ = M ; ρ = 1 ; , where v is the mass-specific volume.
V v
πd 2
Geometry: Surface of a pipe: A =
4
2
Compression/expansion work: 1W2 = ∫1 P ⋅ dV
Energy conservation for a system:
Qinnet + Winnet = ∆U + ∆( KE ) + ∆( PE )
Physical constants
Universal gas constant Ru=8314.5 J/(kmol.K)
Avogadro constant: NAv=6.0221*1023 particles/mol
Standard acceleration of gravity: g=9.80665 m/s2
Temperature conversion: Kelvin = °C + 273.15
1
Equations
β −βf
Quality relations: β = x ⋅ β g + (1 − x) ⋅ β f , x = ,
βg − β f
where β is any mass specific property (i.e. specific volume (v), energy (u), or enthalpy (h)).
Ideal gas law: Pv = RiT , where Ri=Ru/Mmol.
T2 T2
Calorific equations of state: u2 − u1 = ∫ cv dT h2 − h1 =∫ c p dT
T1 T1
Calorific equation of state, average specific heat approximation: u 2 − u1 = cv , avg (T2 − T1 )
Mass flow rate relations: m = ρvA , where v is the velocity.
General conversion equations: ρ = M ; ρ = 1 ; , where v is the mass-specific volume.
V v
πd 2
Geometry: Surface of a pipe: A =
4
2
Compression/expansion work: 1W2 = ∫1 P ⋅ dV
Energy conservation for a system:
Qinnet + Winnet = ∆U + ∆( KE ) + ∆( PE )
Physical constants
Universal gas constant Ru=8314.5 J/(kmol.K)
Avogadro constant: NAv=6.0221*1023 particles/mol
Standard acceleration of gravity: g=9.80665 m/s2
Temperature conversion: Kelvin = °C + 273.15
1
