NURS 143 Exam 3 Guide With
Complete Solution
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
Often associated with pulmonary emboli, ____ (acronym only) usually occurs
in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Risk factors are bed rest, obesity,
hormonal agents and smoking.
magnesium
Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by this
element. In a patient who is deficient in ____, calcium can bring about severe
arrhythmias.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
____ (acronym only) lab values can help to diagnose heart failure. Elevations
higher than 100 pg/mL is suggestive of HF. A value greater than 300 pg/mL
is likely due to HF.
baroreceptors
The ____ are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus and have a role in
vasoconstriction and regulating BP.
rapid depolarization
Phase 0 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) of atrial and ventricular myocytes is initiated, as positive
Na+ ions move into the cell.
,rapid repolarization
Phase 1 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) begins as K+ starts slowly to move out of the cell.
plateau phase
Phase 2 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
The rate of repolarization slows as Ca2+ ions enter the ICF during the ____
(two words).
final repolarization
Phase 3 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) begins as K+ exits more rapidly from the cell.
resting phase
Phase 4 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
Na+ moves out of the cell and K+ begins to move back into the cell during
the ____ (two words) of the action potential curve.
conducting
The heart's ____ system involves a signal that originates with the SA node
(pace maker cells), is transmitted to the AV node and bundle of His and then
to the Purkinje fibers.
parasympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system arrive to the heart via the Vagus (CN X)
nerve. Nerves in the atria, ventricles, SA and AV nodes work to calm the heart
rate.
sympathetic
,Signals from the ____ nervous system increases the rate of impulse generation
and impulse transmission to the heart. Nerves of this system innervate all
other parts of the atria and ventricles.
autonomic
The ____ nervous system influences the rate of impulse generation and speed
of conduction pathways & strength of A/V contractions.
preload
___ refers to the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle. This
decreases with H2O loss (e.g. dehydration) and increases with H2O retention,
hypervolemia and heart failure.
cardiac output
The ____ (two words) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of
the ventricles in L/min, 4-6 L/min for the typical adult. SV x HR =
afterload
The ___ is the resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle and second
determinant of stroke volume. Increased with hypertension and vascular
resistance/vasoconstriction.
direct
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with arterial pressure and O2
demand.
indirect
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with SV, CO, systemic blood
and coronary volume and O2 supply.
, Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Contractility is the force generated by the contracting myocardium. ____, a
positive inotropic drug, is often prescribed to increase heart contractility.
Think fox-gloves...
ejection fraction
The percentage of the EDV that is ejected with each heartbeat is called the
____ (two words). A WNL value is 65%. Measured by an ECHOcardigram or
ultrasound.
aspirin
___, an OTC medication, is an important antithrombotic therapy for secondary
prevention in patients recovering from ACS.
orthopnea
Patients with worsening HF often experience ____, a term used to indicate the
need to sit upright or stand to avoid feeling SOB.
30
A pulse pressure of less than ____ (#) mmHg signifies a serious reduction in
cardiac output and requires further cardiovascular assessment.
CVP (central venous pressure)
Obvious JVD with the patient's head elevated 45 to 90 degrees indicates an
abnormal increase in ____ (acronym only). Common during right-sided HF,
pulmonary HTN, and pulmonary stenosis.
gallops
Complete Solution
DVT (deep vein thrombosis)
Often associated with pulmonary emboli, ____ (acronym only) usually occurs
in the deep veins of the lower extremities. Risk factors are bed rest, obesity,
hormonal agents and smoking.
magnesium
Release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by this
element. In a patient who is deficient in ____, calcium can bring about severe
arrhythmias.
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
____ (acronym only) lab values can help to diagnose heart failure. Elevations
higher than 100 pg/mL is suggestive of HF. A value greater than 300 pg/mL
is likely due to HF.
baroreceptors
The ____ are located in the aortic arch and carotid sinus and have a role in
vasoconstriction and regulating BP.
rapid depolarization
Phase 0 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) of atrial and ventricular myocytes is initiated, as positive
Na+ ions move into the cell.
,rapid repolarization
Phase 1 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) begins as K+ starts slowly to move out of the cell.
plateau phase
Phase 2 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
The rate of repolarization slows as Ca2+ ions enter the ICF during the ____
(two words).
final repolarization
Phase 3 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
____ (two words) begins as K+ exits more rapidly from the cell.
resting phase
Phase 4 corresponds to what refractory period on the action potential curve?
Na+ moves out of the cell and K+ begins to move back into the cell during
the ____ (two words) of the action potential curve.
conducting
The heart's ____ system involves a signal that originates with the SA node
(pace maker cells), is transmitted to the AV node and bundle of His and then
to the Purkinje fibers.
parasympathetic
Signals from the ____ nervous system arrive to the heart via the Vagus (CN X)
nerve. Nerves in the atria, ventricles, SA and AV nodes work to calm the heart
rate.
sympathetic
,Signals from the ____ nervous system increases the rate of impulse generation
and impulse transmission to the heart. Nerves of this system innervate all
other parts of the atria and ventricles.
autonomic
The ____ nervous system influences the rate of impulse generation and speed
of conduction pathways & strength of A/V contractions.
preload
___ refers to the degree of stretch of the ventricular cardiac muscle. This
decreases with H2O loss (e.g. dehydration) and increases with H2O retention,
hypervolemia and heart failure.
cardiac output
The ____ (two words) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of
the ventricles in L/min, 4-6 L/min for the typical adult. SV x HR =
afterload
The ___ is the resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle and second
determinant of stroke volume. Increased with hypertension and vascular
resistance/vasoconstriction.
direct
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with arterial pressure and O2
demand.
indirect
Afterload has a [ direct / indirect ] relationship with SV, CO, systemic blood
and coronary volume and O2 supply.
, Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Contractility is the force generated by the contracting myocardium. ____, a
positive inotropic drug, is often prescribed to increase heart contractility.
Think fox-gloves...
ejection fraction
The percentage of the EDV that is ejected with each heartbeat is called the
____ (two words). A WNL value is 65%. Measured by an ECHOcardigram or
ultrasound.
aspirin
___, an OTC medication, is an important antithrombotic therapy for secondary
prevention in patients recovering from ACS.
orthopnea
Patients with worsening HF often experience ____, a term used to indicate the
need to sit upright or stand to avoid feeling SOB.
30
A pulse pressure of less than ____ (#) mmHg signifies a serious reduction in
cardiac output and requires further cardiovascular assessment.
CVP (central venous pressure)
Obvious JVD with the patient's head elevated 45 to 90 degrees indicates an
abnormal increase in ____ (acronym only). Common during right-sided HF,
pulmonary HTN, and pulmonary stenosis.
gallops
