FPCC Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

FPCC Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Abductor pillow - Answer-edge shaped pillow between the patient's legs, *used to prevent internal hip rotation and hip abduction* Used after femoral fracture, hip fracture, or surgery. Two point crutch gait - Answer-*partial weight bearing*, use both feet. This is faster, but offers less support than the four point. The foot opposite of the crutch goes forward, so advance left foot along with right crutch, then right foot along with left crutch simultaneously. Three point crutch gait - Answer-*non-weight bearing*. Faster than a four-point gait. Can use with walker. Injured leg must be kept off the ground. Advance crutches, then advance good leg. Four point crutch gait - Answer-*Partial weight bearing*, use both feet. Patient must shift weight constantly. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 2/93 *Offers the most support, but is also the slowest.* Patient will advance the right crutch, then advance the left foot. Then advance the left crutch, then advance the right foot. This is not done simultaneously. Logrolling - Answer-special turning technique used when the pt's spine must be kept in straight alignment You will need at least two nurses for this procedure, more if the patient is large. Logrolling moves the patient's body as a unit. One nurse is positioned at the level of the patient's head. The other staff members are distributed along the length of the patient. Everyone must move the patient in unison. Trapeze bar - Answer-Triangular- shaped device that is attached to an overhead bed frame. The patient can use the base of the triangle as a grip bar to move up in bed, turn, and pull up in preparation for getting out of bed or getting on & off the bed pan. Trochanter rolls - Answer-made from tightly rolled towels, bath blankets, or foam pads. They are placed snuggly adjacent to the hips & thighs *to prevent external rotation of the hips* Transfer board - Answer-a wood or plastic device designed to assist with moving patients. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 3/93 1. Place the board under the patient on the side in which he/she will be moved. 2. It is best to use a draw sheet to slide the patient across the board. *Also used by patients with long-standing mobility problems to increase their independence* Mechanical lift - Answer-hydraulic device used to transfer patients. Place a fabric sling under the patient & attach chains or straps from the sling to the lifting device. -Especially useful when providing care for *obese & immobile patients.* -Often seen in home care. -Most position patients in a *seated position, ideal for sitting them in a chair.* -Some have the patient *supine, maybe to transfer patient from bed to stretcher, or have them lifted up while we make their bed.* Transfer belt - Answer-a heavy belt several inches wide that is used to *facilitate transfer or provide a secure mechanism to hold the patient when ambulating* -Apply belt *around patient's abdomen*, close to their center of gravity. -The belt may have external grip holds, or you may grip the entire belt with your hand. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 4/93 Active range of motion (AROM) - Answer-actively moving own extremity through ROM like extension, flexion. Want to encourage & teach clients to keep moving. Passive range of motion (PROM) - Answer-movements of the joints through their range of motion *by another person* -support above & below the joint -take joint to point where pt starts to feel resistance -avoid pain. if pt feels pain, stop -slow & gentle movements -pts can perform by themselves. pt should be taught to promote independence/control Continuous passive motion (CPM) - Answer-*device that repetitively but gently flexes & extends the knee joint* the CPM machine is often used after knee replacement or other knee procedures to allow the joint to improve range of motion, eliminate problem of stiffness, & prevent development of adhesions which can limit motion further. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 5/93 Both AROM & PROM improve ____ - Answer-joint mobility, increase circulation to the area exercised, & help maintain function. AROM also improves respiratory & cardiac function Fowler's position - Answer-semi sitting position, head of the bed is elevated 45-60 degrees Fowler's position promotes _____ & increases _____ - Answer-Promotes *respiratory function* by lowering the diaphragm allowing the best chest expansion. ideal for some patients with cardiac problems. Semi-fowler's position - Answer-head of the bed is at *30 degrees.* High-fowler's position - Answer-head of the bed is at *90 degrees.* Orthopneic position - Answer-Head of the bed is at *90 degrees, and an over bed table with a pillow on top is positioned in front of the patient* -Have patient lean forward while resting his arms and head on the pillow. -*This helps patients who are short of breath.* Lateral position - Answer-side-lying position with the top hip and knee *flexed* and placed in front of the rest of the body. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 6/93 Creates pressure on the lower scapula, ilium, and trochanter but relieves pressure from the heals and sacrum. Lateral recumbent position - Answer-side-lying with legs in a *straight* line Oblique position - Answer-patient is on side with the top hip & knee flexed, however the top leg is *behind* the body. Places less pressure on the trochanter than the lateral position. Prone position - Answer-patient lies on the abdomen with his head turned to one side. -Only position that allows full extension of the hips & knees. -Also, allows secretions to drain freely from the mouth. What are the dangers of the prone position? - Answer--Most difficult to move a frail or unconscious patient to this position, because it requires the greatest amount of manipulation to position the patient appropriately. -Creates lordosis (inward curving of the spine/back) and rotation of the neck, so this is not good for patients with cervical or spine problems. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 7/93 -Inhibits chest wall expansion so not good for patients with cardiac or respiratory difficulty. *Only use for short periods of time.* Sim's position - Answer-semi-prone position -Lower arm is positioned behind the patient and the upper arm is flexed. -The upper leg is more flexed than the lower leg. -This facilitates drainage from the mouth and limits pressure on the trochanter and sacrum. Sim's position is ideal for ____ - Answer-enemas or a perineal procedure. Supine position - Answer-dorsal recumbent position. -Patient lies on his/her back with head and shoulders elevated on a small pillow. The spine is aligned and the arms & hands rest comfortably at the side Technique for moving patients (3) - Answer-1. Use a friction reducing device to move the patient if the patient can assist with movement. Use a full body swing if patient cannot assist. EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 8/93 2. Remove the pillow, have patient flex his/her neck, fold her arms across the chest, & place feet flat on the bed. 3. Have a nurse on each side of the bed and on the count of three, have him/her push off with their heels as the nurses shift the weight forward. Technique for turning the patient (3) - Answer-1. Use a friction-reducing device and draw sheet to move the patient. 2. Position a nurse on each side of the bed, and place the patients arm & leg to the side you are going to roll them towards. 3. One nurse places hands on the patient's shoulders while the other places on the patients hips. Each nurse will roll the patient in the intended di