Fpcc Exam 2 Study Guide With Complete Solutions

FPCC EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS never events - Answer-preventable errors, which may include falls, urinary tract infections from improper use of catheters, and pressure ulcers Standardized tools - Answer--outcomes -limited range of answers -have gone through validity and reliability Hypovalemia - Answer-low blood volume. Blood loss can result from external injuries, internal bleeding, or certain obstetric emergencies. Dehydration - Answer-A serious reduction in the body's water content orthostatic hypotension - Answer-Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions Normal sodium levels - Answer-135-145 mEq/L normal potassium levels - Answer-3.5-5.0 mEq/L Normal magnesium levels - Answer-1.5-2.5 mEq/L normal phosphate levels - Answer-2.5-4.5 mg/dL EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 2/27 Primary fluid compartments - Answer-intracellular and extracellular, intravascular, interstitial intracellular fluid - Answer-fluid within cells extracellular fluid - Answer-fluid outside the cell interstitial fluid - Answer-fluid in the spaces between cells intravascular fluid - Answer-fluid within blood vessels transcellular fluid - Answer-Transcellular fluid is fluid separated from other fluids by a cellular barrier and consists of cerebrospinal, pleural, gastrointestinal, intraocular, peritoneal, and synovial fluids (Elgart, 2004). Loss of transcellular fluid can produce fluid and electrolyte disturbance. Third-Spacing of Fluid - Answer-Fluid shifts out of the blood into a body cavity or tissue and can no longer reenter vascular compartment Isotonic - Answer-when the concentration of two solutions is the same Sensible fluid loss - Answer-body fluid loss that is noticeable, such as through urine output and sweating insensible fluid loss - Answer-is the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured, from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool. Hormones - Answer-the principal regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 3/27 Hypovalemia - Answer-low blood volume Excess fluid volume - Answer-increased isotonic fluid retention edema - Answer-puffy swelling of tissue from the accumulation of fluid causes Hypervolemia - Answer-Heart failure Kidney disease Cirrhosis Overdose of sodium concentrated fluids Fluid shifts in burns Prolonged use of corticosteroids Severe stress Hyperaldosteronism Hypervolemia - Answer-fluid volume excess signs of hypervolemia - Answer-: Tachypnea - Dyspnea - Crackles - Bounding pulse - Hypertension EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 4/27 - Distended neck veins (JVD) - Acute weight gain - Edema risk factors for hypervolemia - Answer-heart failure, renal failure, cirrhosis of liver intake and outake - Answer-Recording all fluids a person takes in and eliminates during a certain period of time Hypovolemia - Answer-decreased blood volume Hypovolemia causes - Answer-Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access, significant injury to skin Hypovolemia S/S - Answer-S&S Include: increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respirations, hypotension, anxiety, w/ a urine specific gravity 1.030 interventions for hypovolemia - Answer-Physician Initiated- IV Fluids, Give Potassium/IV Piggy Back, Give plasma. Nurse Initiated- Drink fluids, Monitor I&O, Teach family about recording I&O, weigh patient daily, Vital signs every four hours. interventions for hypervolemia - Answer-I&O Sodium/fluid restrictions Daily weights EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 5/27 VS q4hrs Skin tutor Protection edema tousled extremities Assess breath sound q4hrs normal chloride levels - Answer-95-105 mEq/L normal bicarbonate levels - Answer-22-26 mEq/L Hypontremia - Answer-Serum sodium (Na+) level below 135 mEq/L how to assess the client's urinary function - Answer-amount color clarity odor characteristics of normal urine - Answer--96% water and 4% solutes -Organic solutes include urea, ammonia, creatinine, and uric acid -Inorganic solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium sulfate, magnesium, and phosphorus characteristics of abnormal urine - Answer-amount: 30 mL/hour color: tea or colorless odor: musty, sweet or fetid EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024. Page 6/27 turbidity: cloudy pH: 4.6 or 8 specific gravity: concentrated or diluted urine will influence specific gravity Constituents: blood, pus, albumen, glucose, ketones, cast, gross bacteria, bile urinalysis - Answer-the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements Normal Urinalysis - Answer-- straw color - negative/0 RBC, WBC, bacteria, glucose, acetone, other albumin (protein) - pH 4.8-8.0 - specific gravity 1.010-1.030 urine culture and sensitivity (C&S) - Answer-isolati