MEDPAPERS
Chapter 01. Serving the Needs of Children and Their Families
ANSWERS INCLUDED
ALL CHAPTERS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. According to the ICF, impairments are:
a. problems in functional activities.
b. restrictions in activities.
c. problems in physiological functions of body systems.
d. limitations in functional skills.
S
e. limitations in participation.
R
2. Evidenced-based practice should include:
VE
a. expert opinion, continuing education, and personal experience.
b. intuition, unsystematic clinical experience.
c. explanations based on pathophysiology.
d. awareness, consultation, judgment, and creativity.
3. When possible, an examination should:
IE
H
a. start with tests and measures in the clinical setting.
b. start with observation done in the natural environment while gathering history.
AC
c. never be done in the waiting room.
d. start with determining the child’s strengths and weaknesses.
M
4. When developing the plan of care for a child, it is important to:
a. Determine goals and objectives before talking with the child and family.
EA
b. Prescribe interventions focused on the child’s impairments.
c. Ensure goals and interventions address activity and participation.
d. Focus on measurable goals for the next 2 years.
R
5. In pediatric practice, a top-down approach to assessment is preferred because:
D
a. weaknesses are identified first, and it is child-centered.
b. desired outcomes are identified first, and it is family-centered.
c. it is the most common model used in physical therapy practice.
d. it is a deficit-driven model.
6. Chaining techniques work best:
a. with those with a cognitive impairment.
b. as negative reinforcement.
1
, MEDPAPERS
c. as continuous reinforcement.
d. with discrete tasks having a clear beginning and end.
7. Reinforcing behaviors/skills that are increasingly closer to the desired behavior/skill are called:
a. negative reinforcement.
b. behavioral programming.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. shaping.
8. Collaborative teams:
a. desire consensus decision-making in determining priorities for goals and
S
objectives.
b. provide professionals with autonomy.
R
c. discourage role release because of liability issues.
d. prefer to provide intervention in special therapy rooms.
VE
e. tell parents exactly what to do for their child.
9. Physical therapists first started to work with children:
IE
a. in the 1940s for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy.
b. when Sister Kenny came to the United States to meet the needs of children with
H
polio.
c. when Berta Bobath introduced a treatment for children with cerebral palsy.
AC
d. during the polio epidemic in the early part of the 20th century.
10. External factors that may affect a child’s function include:
M
a. cognitive ability, emotional stability, motivation, and language ability.
b. impairments of body structures and functions and limitations in activities.
c. family support, access to health care, financial resources, and accessible schools.
EA
d. family and child’s goals and objectives.
R
11. If one embraces the ICF model, no matter what setting a pediatric therapist is providing
interventions in (clinic, school, home, etc.), the primary long-term goal of physical therapy should
D
be to:
a. maximize the child’s strength, range of motion, and posture in order to prevent
secondary impairments.
b. minimize all physical impairments to improve the child’s motivation and self-
confidence when among peers.
c. maximize the child’s participation in the home, school, and community.
d. walk up and down the stairs independently in less than 3 minutes while carrying
two textbooks in order to change classrooms in the time allotted between classes.
e. eliminate all environmental and personal barriers to the child’s community
2
, MEDPAPERS
participation.
12. A task analysis includes:
a. determining the prerequisite body functions.
b. the activities required to perform the task.
c. the cognitive requirements to perform the task.
d. understanding the motor planning requirements of the task.
e. All of the above
13. The sequence of the hierarchy of response competence is first skill acquisition followed by:
a. fluency, maintenance, and generalization.
S
b. refinement of the skill, transfer, and attainment.
c. generalization, maintenance, and refinement.
R
d. transfer and performance in different environments.
VE
14. Which model of team interaction is most commonly used in early intervention programs?
a. Unidisciplinary model
b. Multidisciplinary model
c. Transdisciplinary model
d. Hierarchical model
IE
H
AC
15. Determining the frequency, intensity, and duration of intervention is difficult; however, general
guidelines have been developed for:
a. cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, and traumatic brain injury.
b. pediatric hospitals and school-based settings.
M
c. outpatient orthopedics and neonatal intensive care units.
d. autism, Down syndrome, and muscular dystrophy.
EA
16. Collaborative teamwork does not include:
a. role release to designated team members.
R
b. consensus decision-making.
c. motor and communication skills embedded throughout the interventions.
D
d. professionals working in isolation on their own.
e. equal participation on the team by the family.
17. Which statement least reflects a family-centered philosophy of physical therapy intervention?
a. Asking the family what their concerns are.
b. Providing the family a daily home exercise program to improve the child’s muscle
strength in preparation for ambulation.
c. Identifying family caregiving routines and providing consultation to assist family
3
, MEDPAPERS
members.
d. Preparing for ambulation; discussing with the family play activities for supported
standing that could provide opportunities for some sibling participation.
18. When using a top-down approach to developing a plan of care for a child new to therapy, the
physical therapist should proceed in which order?
a. Evaluate child impairments, set goals for child, and develop a plan for
intervention.
b. Develop collaborative goals, examine the child to determine physical therapy
diagnosis, determine prognosis, and create a plan of care.
c. Perform standardized assessment, interpret results, discuss results with the child’s
family, and create a plan of care.
S
d. Determine patient impairments, perform standardized assessment, develop a plan
of care, and discuss the plan with the child’s family.
R
VE
19. The legislation that preceded the Americans with Disabilities Act in providing protection and
access for individuals with disabilities is:
a. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
b. Social Security Amendments of 1965.
c. Economic Opportunity Act of 1963.
d. State Children’s Health Insurance Plan.
IE
H
AC
20. Low-income, working parents whose children do not qualify for Medicaid because they work
might qualify for health insurance under which federal program?
a. State Children’s Health Insurance Plan
b. Medicare
M
c. Health maintenance organizations
d. There is no insurance program available to them.
EA
21. If you suspect that a child you are serving is being abused:
a. you can say nothing because your professional code of conduct requires
R
confidentiality.
b. you must report the abuse using your state’s procedures.
c. you should speak to the child’s parent.
D
d. you must write a report and share it with the child’s physician.
22. When prescribing frequency of physical therapy intervention, which of the following children
would be most appropriate for intensively scheduled physical therapy intervention (i.e., greater
than 1 time per week)?
a. A 6-year-old child who was just released from ICU/acute care following a bout of
bacterial meningitis who was typically developing premorbidly but now requires
4
Chapter 01. Serving the Needs of Children and Their Families
ANSWERS INCLUDED
ALL CHAPTERS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. According to the ICF, impairments are:
a. problems in functional activities.
b. restrictions in activities.
c. problems in physiological functions of body systems.
d. limitations in functional skills.
S
e. limitations in participation.
R
2. Evidenced-based practice should include:
VE
a. expert opinion, continuing education, and personal experience.
b. intuition, unsystematic clinical experience.
c. explanations based on pathophysiology.
d. awareness, consultation, judgment, and creativity.
3. When possible, an examination should:
IE
H
a. start with tests and measures in the clinical setting.
b. start with observation done in the natural environment while gathering history.
AC
c. never be done in the waiting room.
d. start with determining the child’s strengths and weaknesses.
M
4. When developing the plan of care for a child, it is important to:
a. Determine goals and objectives before talking with the child and family.
EA
b. Prescribe interventions focused on the child’s impairments.
c. Ensure goals and interventions address activity and participation.
d. Focus on measurable goals for the next 2 years.
R
5. In pediatric practice, a top-down approach to assessment is preferred because:
D
a. weaknesses are identified first, and it is child-centered.
b. desired outcomes are identified first, and it is family-centered.
c. it is the most common model used in physical therapy practice.
d. it is a deficit-driven model.
6. Chaining techniques work best:
a. with those with a cognitive impairment.
b. as negative reinforcement.
1
, MEDPAPERS
c. as continuous reinforcement.
d. with discrete tasks having a clear beginning and end.
7. Reinforcing behaviors/skills that are increasingly closer to the desired behavior/skill are called:
a. negative reinforcement.
b. behavioral programming.
c. positive reinforcement.
d. shaping.
8. Collaborative teams:
a. desire consensus decision-making in determining priorities for goals and
S
objectives.
b. provide professionals with autonomy.
R
c. discourage role release because of liability issues.
d. prefer to provide intervention in special therapy rooms.
VE
e. tell parents exactly what to do for their child.
9. Physical therapists first started to work with children:
IE
a. in the 1940s for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy.
b. when Sister Kenny came to the United States to meet the needs of children with
H
polio.
c. when Berta Bobath introduced a treatment for children with cerebral palsy.
AC
d. during the polio epidemic in the early part of the 20th century.
10. External factors that may affect a child’s function include:
M
a. cognitive ability, emotional stability, motivation, and language ability.
b. impairments of body structures and functions and limitations in activities.
c. family support, access to health care, financial resources, and accessible schools.
EA
d. family and child’s goals and objectives.
R
11. If one embraces the ICF model, no matter what setting a pediatric therapist is providing
interventions in (clinic, school, home, etc.), the primary long-term goal of physical therapy should
D
be to:
a. maximize the child’s strength, range of motion, and posture in order to prevent
secondary impairments.
b. minimize all physical impairments to improve the child’s motivation and self-
confidence when among peers.
c. maximize the child’s participation in the home, school, and community.
d. walk up and down the stairs independently in less than 3 minutes while carrying
two textbooks in order to change classrooms in the time allotted between classes.
e. eliminate all environmental and personal barriers to the child’s community
2
, MEDPAPERS
participation.
12. A task analysis includes:
a. determining the prerequisite body functions.
b. the activities required to perform the task.
c. the cognitive requirements to perform the task.
d. understanding the motor planning requirements of the task.
e. All of the above
13. The sequence of the hierarchy of response competence is first skill acquisition followed by:
a. fluency, maintenance, and generalization.
S
b. refinement of the skill, transfer, and attainment.
c. generalization, maintenance, and refinement.
R
d. transfer and performance in different environments.
VE
14. Which model of team interaction is most commonly used in early intervention programs?
a. Unidisciplinary model
b. Multidisciplinary model
c. Transdisciplinary model
d. Hierarchical model
IE
H
AC
15. Determining the frequency, intensity, and duration of intervention is difficult; however, general
guidelines have been developed for:
a. cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, and traumatic brain injury.
b. pediatric hospitals and school-based settings.
M
c. outpatient orthopedics and neonatal intensive care units.
d. autism, Down syndrome, and muscular dystrophy.
EA
16. Collaborative teamwork does not include:
a. role release to designated team members.
R
b. consensus decision-making.
c. motor and communication skills embedded throughout the interventions.
D
d. professionals working in isolation on their own.
e. equal participation on the team by the family.
17. Which statement least reflects a family-centered philosophy of physical therapy intervention?
a. Asking the family what their concerns are.
b. Providing the family a daily home exercise program to improve the child’s muscle
strength in preparation for ambulation.
c. Identifying family caregiving routines and providing consultation to assist family
3
, MEDPAPERS
members.
d. Preparing for ambulation; discussing with the family play activities for supported
standing that could provide opportunities for some sibling participation.
18. When using a top-down approach to developing a plan of care for a child new to therapy, the
physical therapist should proceed in which order?
a. Evaluate child impairments, set goals for child, and develop a plan for
intervention.
b. Develop collaborative goals, examine the child to determine physical therapy
diagnosis, determine prognosis, and create a plan of care.
c. Perform standardized assessment, interpret results, discuss results with the child’s
family, and create a plan of care.
S
d. Determine patient impairments, perform standardized assessment, develop a plan
of care, and discuss the plan with the child’s family.
R
VE
19. The legislation that preceded the Americans with Disabilities Act in providing protection and
access for individuals with disabilities is:
a. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
b. Social Security Amendments of 1965.
c. Economic Opportunity Act of 1963.
d. State Children’s Health Insurance Plan.
IE
H
AC
20. Low-income, working parents whose children do not qualify for Medicaid because they work
might qualify for health insurance under which federal program?
a. State Children’s Health Insurance Plan
b. Medicare
M
c. Health maintenance organizations
d. There is no insurance program available to them.
EA
21. If you suspect that a child you are serving is being abused:
a. you can say nothing because your professional code of conduct requires
R
confidentiality.
b. you must report the abuse using your state’s procedures.
c. you should speak to the child’s parent.
D
d. you must write a report and share it with the child’s physician.
22. When prescribing frequency of physical therapy intervention, which of the following children
would be most appropriate for intensively scheduled physical therapy intervention (i.e., greater
than 1 time per week)?
a. A 6-year-old child who was just released from ICU/acute care following a bout of
bacterial meningitis who was typically developing premorbidly but now requires
4
