BIOD 151 Module 1 Exam Review Answer Key (Portage
learning)UPDATED 2022
microbe - ANSWER: an organism of virus too small to be seen without a microscope
pathogen - ANSWER: a microbe capable of causing disease
cell - ANSWER: small membrane enclosed unit of life filled with macrmolecules that
retains the characteristics of life: responsiveness, growth and reproduction,
metabolism, homeostasis, and organization
macromolecules - ANSWER: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
3 classifications of life - ANSWER: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
coccus - ANSWER: bacteria shape- round/sperical
bacillus - ANSWER: bacteria shape, rod
vibrio - ANSWER: bacteria shape, curved rod
spirillum - ANSWER: bacteria, spiral/corkscrew
cellular organization - ANSWER: may be isolated, chains, or clusters
motility - ANSWER: swimming movements some bacteria display, or just the ability
to move
archaea - ANSWER: similar chracteristics and shapes to bacteria, but different. can
survive extreme conditions. may also be called extremophiles
eukaryote categories - ANSWER: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
animalia - ANSWER: multicellular eukaryotic organisms, animals and humans,
heterotrophic, must absorb (consume) nutrients from the environment, and have
the general characteristic of motility (the ability to move)
heterotrophic - ANSWER: incapable of producing own energy
plantae - ANSWER: multicellular eukaryotes, can obtain most of their energy from
sunlight via photosynthesis
fungi - ANSWER: can be either multicellular or unicellular microorganisms,
heterotrophic, chitin is present in cell walls, multicellular fungi- mushroom.
unicellular fungi- yeast
, chitin - ANSWER: derivative of glucose, causes strong cell walls
protista - ANSWER: unicellular microorganisms that may form as colonies, the
colonies do not form tissue layers and thus retain the unicellular classification.
amoeba, algae
virus - ANSWER: not prokaryotic or eukaryotic, Viruses are not considered living and
do not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host. carries
genetic material
capsid - ANSWER: membrane-like structure that contains genetic material, similar to
the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
cell membrane - ANSWER: encloses main body of cell, semipermeable, bilayer of
amphipathic phospholipids, high fluidity meaning lipids move freely in the two
layers,
sterol lipids - ANSWER: cholesterol and its derivatives; important for membranes.
only in eukaryotic
cell wall - ANSWER: found in bacteria, plants, fungi, and algae and help to form the
shape of the cell, providing support, structure, and protection
cell envelope - ANSWER: cell membrane and cell wall
bacterial cell wall - ANSWER: peptidoglycan, a peptide-polysaccharide matrix, which
can vary in thickness, protects the cell from potentially damaging environmental
stresses,
Archaea cell wall - ANSWER: surface level proteins (s-layer)
plant cell wall - ANSWER: cellulose, pectin, soluble protein
fungal cell wall - ANSWER: cellulose and chitin
yeast cell wall - ANSWER: mannoproteins and chitin
diatoms cell walls - ANSWER: silica
cytoplasm - ANSWER: open volume in a cell, holds organelles, made of water with
dissolved substances important to the functioning of the cell,
organelle - ANSWER: membrane-enclosed structures that perform specific functions.
nucleus - ANSWER: has a porous double lipid bilayer that contains the genomic
content of the cell (DNA), command center of the cell,
learning)UPDATED 2022
microbe - ANSWER: an organism of virus too small to be seen without a microscope
pathogen - ANSWER: a microbe capable of causing disease
cell - ANSWER: small membrane enclosed unit of life filled with macrmolecules that
retains the characteristics of life: responsiveness, growth and reproduction,
metabolism, homeostasis, and organization
macromolecules - ANSWER: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
3 classifications of life - ANSWER: bacteria, archaea, eukarya
coccus - ANSWER: bacteria shape- round/sperical
bacillus - ANSWER: bacteria shape, rod
vibrio - ANSWER: bacteria shape, curved rod
spirillum - ANSWER: bacteria, spiral/corkscrew
cellular organization - ANSWER: may be isolated, chains, or clusters
motility - ANSWER: swimming movements some bacteria display, or just the ability
to move
archaea - ANSWER: similar chracteristics and shapes to bacteria, but different. can
survive extreme conditions. may also be called extremophiles
eukaryote categories - ANSWER: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
animalia - ANSWER: multicellular eukaryotic organisms, animals and humans,
heterotrophic, must absorb (consume) nutrients from the environment, and have
the general characteristic of motility (the ability to move)
heterotrophic - ANSWER: incapable of producing own energy
plantae - ANSWER: multicellular eukaryotes, can obtain most of their energy from
sunlight via photosynthesis
fungi - ANSWER: can be either multicellular or unicellular microorganisms,
heterotrophic, chitin is present in cell walls, multicellular fungi- mushroom.
unicellular fungi- yeast
, chitin - ANSWER: derivative of glucose, causes strong cell walls
protista - ANSWER: unicellular microorganisms that may form as colonies, the
colonies do not form tissue layers and thus retain the unicellular classification.
amoeba, algae
virus - ANSWER: not prokaryotic or eukaryotic, Viruses are not considered living and
do not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host. carries
genetic material
capsid - ANSWER: membrane-like structure that contains genetic material, similar to
the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
cell membrane - ANSWER: encloses main body of cell, semipermeable, bilayer of
amphipathic phospholipids, high fluidity meaning lipids move freely in the two
layers,
sterol lipids - ANSWER: cholesterol and its derivatives; important for membranes.
only in eukaryotic
cell wall - ANSWER: found in bacteria, plants, fungi, and algae and help to form the
shape of the cell, providing support, structure, and protection
cell envelope - ANSWER: cell membrane and cell wall
bacterial cell wall - ANSWER: peptidoglycan, a peptide-polysaccharide matrix, which
can vary in thickness, protects the cell from potentially damaging environmental
stresses,
Archaea cell wall - ANSWER: surface level proteins (s-layer)
plant cell wall - ANSWER: cellulose, pectin, soluble protein
fungal cell wall - ANSWER: cellulose and chitin
yeast cell wall - ANSWER: mannoproteins and chitin
diatoms cell walls - ANSWER: silica
cytoplasm - ANSWER: open volume in a cell, holds organelles, made of water with
dissolved substances important to the functioning of the cell,
organelle - ANSWER: membrane-enclosed structures that perform specific functions.
nucleus - ANSWER: has a porous double lipid bilayer that contains the genomic
content of the cell (DNA), command center of the cell,
