Microbiology Exam 1 (Chapters 1, 3-5)
with correct answers
Microbiology - correct answer::Specialized area of biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small
to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms - correct answer::A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Classification - correct answer::Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.
Nomenclature - correct answer::System of assigning names.
Binomial nomenclature - correct answer::Two-name system of naming organisms (Latin, Greek). Two
names: Genus, species. It's always underlined or italicized. Genus first letter always capitalized, species
not capitalized. Once it's been mentioned, the genus name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms - correct answer::Viruses. Exist without a cellular structure.
Cellular organisms - correct answer::Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes - correct answer::Organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in membrane and lack
specific organelles including a nucleus (bacteria).
Eukaryotes - correct answer::Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in nucleus (fungi, protozoa,
algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes - correct answer::Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and
in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex internal compartments called organelles. All
prokaryotes are microorganisms while only some eukaryotes are microorganisms (including algae,
protozoa, molds and yeasts- and even anthropods).
,Binary fission - correct answer::The way bacteria reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into two equal
parts.
Mycology - correct answer::The study of fungi.
Phycology - correct answer::The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) ranging from single
celled forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen - correct answer::Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering - correct answer::Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the
purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA - correct answer::Switch DNA from one organism to another to design new
organisms.
Lactic acid bacteria - correct answer::Dairy products, yogurt and cheese.
Curds - correct answer::Solid chunks of day old milk, (fats and proteins etc. used in cheese) and whey
(mostly water). A gallon of milk yields only about 1.25 pounds of cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey - correct answer::Liquid part of day old milk, mostly water.
Rennin - correct answer::Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling - correct answer::Products cause milk to separate into curds (the milk solids, fats, proteins, etc.
Scientific method - correct answer::Approach taken by scientists to explain a certain natural
phenomenon.
, Hypothesis - correct answer::A tentative explanation or statement to account for what is observed or
measured.
Theory - correct answer::Hypothesis backed by growing data.
Spontaneous generation - correct answer::Life can rise from nonliving material.
Cell theory - correct answer::All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis - correct answer::the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Fermentation - correct answer::Organisms convert sugar into alcohol or acid (vinegar). Using
bacterial/fungal enzymes, convert food substrate from one form to another. Aid in slow food spoilage.
Foods use it for flavor and other properties. Fermentation products include Lactic acid, acetic acid,
yeast, etc.
Pasteurization - correct answer::To kill organisms by heat, some spoiling agents still stay.
Germ theory of disease - correct answer::Theory that microbes can invade other organisms and cause
diseases.
Koch's postulates - correct answer::Set of procedures to determine if a microbe causes a certain disease.
Verified the germ theory of disease.
Aseptic technique - correct answer::Aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing
wound infections. Lister proposed the idea of aspetic techniques and the importance of hand washing
and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy - correct answer::Treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances. Now problem
with drug resistance.
Synthetic drugs - correct answer::Chemical substances made in a lab.
with correct answers
Microbiology - correct answer::Specialized area of biology that deals with organisms ordinarily too small
to be seen without magnification.
Microorganisms - correct answer::A living thing ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.
Classification - correct answer::Orderly arrangement of organisms into groups.
Nomenclature - correct answer::System of assigning names.
Binomial nomenclature - correct answer::Two-name system of naming organisms (Latin, Greek). Two
names: Genus, species. It's always underlined or italicized. Genus first letter always capitalized, species
not capitalized. Once it's been mentioned, the genus name can be shortened.
Acellular organisms - correct answer::Viruses. Exist without a cellular structure.
Cellular organisms - correct answer::Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes - correct answer::Organisms whose genetic material is not enclosed in membrane and lack
specific organelles including a nucleus (bacteria).
Eukaryotes - correct answer::Organisms whose genetic material is enclosed in nucleus (fungi, protozoa,
algae).
Prokaryotes versus Eukaryotes - correct answer::Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells, and
in addition to lacking a nucleus, they lack other complex internal compartments called organelles. All
prokaryotes are microorganisms while only some eukaryotes are microorganisms (including algae,
protozoa, molds and yeasts- and even anthropods).
,Binary fission - correct answer::The way bacteria reproduce. Splitting of a parent cell into two equal
parts.
Mycology - correct answer::The study of fungi.
Phycology - correct answer::The study of simple photosynthetic eukaryotes (algae) ranging from single
celled forms to large seaweeds.
Pathogen - correct answer::Disease causing agents.
Genetic engineering - correct answer::Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the
purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms.
Recombinant DNA - correct answer::Switch DNA from one organism to another to design new
organisms.
Lactic acid bacteria - correct answer::Dairy products, yogurt and cheese.
Curds - correct answer::Solid chunks of day old milk, (fats and proteins etc. used in cheese) and whey
(mostly water). A gallon of milk yields only about 1.25 pounds of cheese (weight lost is water).
Whey - correct answer::Liquid part of day old milk, mostly water.
Rennin - correct answer::Turn caseinogens to casein.
Curdling - correct answer::Products cause milk to separate into curds (the milk solids, fats, proteins, etc.
Scientific method - correct answer::Approach taken by scientists to explain a certain natural
phenomenon.
, Hypothesis - correct answer::A tentative explanation or statement to account for what is observed or
measured.
Theory - correct answer::Hypothesis backed by growing data.
Spontaneous generation - correct answer::Life can rise from nonliving material.
Cell theory - correct answer::All things are made of cells.
Biogenesis - correct answer::the production of living organisms from other living organisms
Fermentation - correct answer::Organisms convert sugar into alcohol or acid (vinegar). Using
bacterial/fungal enzymes, convert food substrate from one form to another. Aid in slow food spoilage.
Foods use it for flavor and other properties. Fermentation products include Lactic acid, acetic acid,
yeast, etc.
Pasteurization - correct answer::To kill organisms by heat, some spoiling agents still stay.
Germ theory of disease - correct answer::Theory that microbes can invade other organisms and cause
diseases.
Koch's postulates - correct answer::Set of procedures to determine if a microbe causes a certain disease.
Verified the germ theory of disease.
Aseptic technique - correct answer::Aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing
wound infections. Lister proposed the idea of aspetic techniques and the importance of hand washing
and equipment sterilization.
Chemotherapy - correct answer::Treatment of disease by the use of chemical substances. Now problem
with drug resistance.
Synthetic drugs - correct answer::Chemical substances made in a lab.
