1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
D027 Pathopharm Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
✓ a rise in heart rate >30 beats/min or by a heart rate >120 beats/min
within 10 minutes of being in the upright position
Small fiber neuropathy that impacts sudomotor nerves
High levels of norepinephrine when standing
POTS s/s
✓ 2+ of the following:
HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, exhaustion,
fatigue, abd pain, bloating, nausea, brain fog, headache, blurred vision,
insomnia, feet/hand discoloration, exercise intolerance
POTS Dx criteria
✓ 10 min standing test
Head up tilt table test
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
HR/BP measurements: supine > standing at 2/5/10 min
Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART)
Measure sweat glands
Sweat test, skin bx for small fiber nerves.
POTS tx
✓ Blood volume expansion
Meds to reduce HR (beta blockers)
Peripheral constriction meds
Meds to target specific symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, sleep, and
depression.
Diet- increase water intake and salt to help with volume expansion
PT- start with horizontal or reclining exercises.
Prinzmetal Angina - definition
✓ Transient ischemia at rest caused by *VASOSPASM*
often occurs at night during REM sleep.
What meds do you avoid with Prinzmetal Angina?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Avoid beta-blockers (causes more frequent episodes)
What causes Strep Pharyngitis?
✓ caused by group A streptococcus bacteria, treated by antibiotics
(PCN, Amoxicillin for peds); can be viral or bacterial
Strep Pharyngitis DX
✓ "Rapid strep" antigen testing\nThroat culture
Latex agglutination
epidural hematoma assessment findings
✓ 1. CNIII palsy
2. Lucid interval that progresses to rapid deterioration into unconscious
3. biconvex disk on CT
UTI causes
✓ E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Bacteria in digestive tract cling to opening of urethra
UTI s/s
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
D027 Pathopharm Questions and
Answers (100% Pass)
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
✓ a rise in heart rate >30 beats/min or by a heart rate >120 beats/min
within 10 minutes of being in the upright position
Small fiber neuropathy that impacts sudomotor nerves
High levels of norepinephrine when standing
POTS s/s
✓ 2+ of the following:
HTN, tachycardia, palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, fainting, exhaustion,
fatigue, abd pain, bloating, nausea, brain fog, headache, blurred vision,
insomnia, feet/hand discoloration, exercise intolerance
POTS Dx criteria
✓ 10 min standing test
Head up tilt table test
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
HR/BP measurements: supine > standing at 2/5/10 min
Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QSART)
Measure sweat glands
Sweat test, skin bx for small fiber nerves.
POTS tx
✓ Blood volume expansion
Meds to reduce HR (beta blockers)
Peripheral constriction meds
Meds to target specific symptoms like brain fog, fatigue, sleep, and
depression.
Diet- increase water intake and salt to help with volume expansion
PT- start with horizontal or reclining exercises.
Prinzmetal Angina - definition
✓ Transient ischemia at rest caused by *VASOSPASM*
often occurs at night during REM sleep.
What meds do you avoid with Prinzmetal Angina?
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ Avoid beta-blockers (causes more frequent episodes)
What causes Strep Pharyngitis?
✓ caused by group A streptococcus bacteria, treated by antibiotics
(PCN, Amoxicillin for peds); can be viral or bacterial
Strep Pharyngitis DX
✓ "Rapid strep" antigen testing\nThroat culture
Latex agglutination
epidural hematoma assessment findings
✓ 1. CNIII palsy
2. Lucid interval that progresses to rapid deterioration into unconscious
3. biconvex disk on CT
UTI causes
✓ E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Bacteria in digestive tract cling to opening of urethra
UTI s/s
Master01 | October, 2024/2025 | Latest update
