SJSU Kin 147 Exam 1 questions and
answers
Name different ways to assess muscle function?✔✔strength testing
manual muscle testing
dynamometry
electromyography
What is manual muscle testing (MMT)?✔✔-a test used to determine the extent of
muscular weakness as a result of disuse, injury, or disease
-can be used to aid diagnoses and plan therapeutic exercises when a strength deficit
exists
concentric contraction✔✔muscle shortens as it maintains tension
eccentric contraction✔✔muscle lengthens as it maintains tension
isometric contraction✔✔Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays
the same length
What type of contraction is used during MMT?✔✔-usually isometric contraction
-examinar places patient in optimal position and tries to "break" the patient by
moving them away from their isometric hold
Where should the participant be placed for manual muscle testing?✔✔-in a position
of advantage
-muscle is generally placed at optimum muscle length tension relationship
What does an MMT grade of zero signify?✔✔none- no visible or palpablwe
contraction
What does an MMT grade of 1 signify?✔✔trace- visible or palpable contraction with
no motion
What does an MMT grade of 2 signify?✔✔poor- full ROM, gravity eliminated
What does an MMT grade of 3 signify?✔✔fair- full ROM against gravity
What does an MMT grade of 4 signify?✔✔good- full ROM against gravity, moderate
resistance
What does an MMT grade of 5 signify?✔✔normal- full ROM against gravity, maximal
resistance
T/F: You can modify a patients postion during a physical exam if they are unable to
place themselves in an optimal position by eliminating gravity✔✔True
, Where should the examiner place their hand during MMT?✔✔- in a position that
maximizes mechanical advantage by increasing moment arm of your resistance
force (*think class 3 lever)
-to resist the patient isometrically, the amount of torque you apply must match the
amount of torque the patient applies (this is static equalibrium)
Torque equals...✔✔Force times moment arm
T=Fxd
T/F: muscle torque equals resistance torque✔✔true
What is dynamometry?✔✔the process of measuring forces that are doing work
Name 3 methods of dynamometry✔✔handheld
biodex
humac norm
isometric dynamometry✔✔push against immobile resistance
concentric dynamometry✔✔push against resistance; speed not consistent
eccentric dynamometry✔✔push against resistance; resistance wins
isokinetic✔✔push against resistance at constant speed
What type of dynamometry measure is the most common?✔✔isometric
dynamometry
What can dynamometry measure?✔✔peak force
average force
power (force/time)
time to force peak or decline (fatigue)
What is the gold standard for dynamometry?✔✔isoketic dynamometry
What are the advantages of isokinetic dynamometry?✔✔-able to compare between
subjects
-multiple measurement modes
-can measure any joint
-not reliant on test strength
How do you assess ROM/flexibility?✔✔-stretching assessment
-goniometry
How can ROM be limited?✔✔muscle "tightness"
tendon stiffness
answers
Name different ways to assess muscle function?✔✔strength testing
manual muscle testing
dynamometry
electromyography
What is manual muscle testing (MMT)?✔✔-a test used to determine the extent of
muscular weakness as a result of disuse, injury, or disease
-can be used to aid diagnoses and plan therapeutic exercises when a strength deficit
exists
concentric contraction✔✔muscle shortens as it maintains tension
eccentric contraction✔✔muscle lengthens as it maintains tension
isometric contraction✔✔Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays
the same length
What type of contraction is used during MMT?✔✔-usually isometric contraction
-examinar places patient in optimal position and tries to "break" the patient by
moving them away from their isometric hold
Where should the participant be placed for manual muscle testing?✔✔-in a position
of advantage
-muscle is generally placed at optimum muscle length tension relationship
What does an MMT grade of zero signify?✔✔none- no visible or palpablwe
contraction
What does an MMT grade of 1 signify?✔✔trace- visible or palpable contraction with
no motion
What does an MMT grade of 2 signify?✔✔poor- full ROM, gravity eliminated
What does an MMT grade of 3 signify?✔✔fair- full ROM against gravity
What does an MMT grade of 4 signify?✔✔good- full ROM against gravity, moderate
resistance
What does an MMT grade of 5 signify?✔✔normal- full ROM against gravity, maximal
resistance
T/F: You can modify a patients postion during a physical exam if they are unable to
place themselves in an optimal position by eliminating gravity✔✔True
, Where should the examiner place their hand during MMT?✔✔- in a position that
maximizes mechanical advantage by increasing moment arm of your resistance
force (*think class 3 lever)
-to resist the patient isometrically, the amount of torque you apply must match the
amount of torque the patient applies (this is static equalibrium)
Torque equals...✔✔Force times moment arm
T=Fxd
T/F: muscle torque equals resistance torque✔✔true
What is dynamometry?✔✔the process of measuring forces that are doing work
Name 3 methods of dynamometry✔✔handheld
biodex
humac norm
isometric dynamometry✔✔push against immobile resistance
concentric dynamometry✔✔push against resistance; speed not consistent
eccentric dynamometry✔✔push against resistance; resistance wins
isokinetic✔✔push against resistance at constant speed
What type of dynamometry measure is the most common?✔✔isometric
dynamometry
What can dynamometry measure?✔✔peak force
average force
power (force/time)
time to force peak or decline (fatigue)
What is the gold standard for dynamometry?✔✔isoketic dynamometry
What are the advantages of isokinetic dynamometry?✔✔-able to compare between
subjects
-multiple measurement modes
-can measure any joint
-not reliant on test strength
How do you assess ROM/flexibility?✔✔-stretching assessment
-goniometry
How can ROM be limited?✔✔muscle "tightness"
tendon stiffness
