2024 NAPLEX EXAM REVIEW WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the equation for corrected phenytoin? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCP=
measured serum phenytoin/(0.2*albumin)+0.1
What is the principle intracellular cation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpotassium
Principle extracellular is Sodium
What is the beta-3 agonist used for overactive bladder? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSMirabegron (Mybetriq)
-use with caution in narrow therapeutic window 2D6 inhibitors
-may cause angioedema, increase BP
What agent can be used for refractory overactive bladder? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSOnabotulinum Toxin A
What are the 2 types of glaucoma? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOpen angle: most
common type, treated with eye drop to decrease intraocular pressure
Closed angle: sudden sharp increase in IOP that requires emergent surgical
treatment
What medication can increase IOP? - CORRECT-ANSWERSantihistamines
scopolamine
anticholinergics
chronic steroids (especially prednisolone eye drops)
topirimate
What are the option to reduce IOP? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Beta blockers
(timolol)- make less fluid
-Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost and travoprost) move fluid out of the eye
-Mixture of both
These medications will sting the eyes and cause momentary blurred vision
What are the side effects of latanoprost and travoprost? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSDarkening of the iris, eyelid skin, and eyelashes
Also can increase the length and number of eyelashes
,what is the warning with the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(dorzolamide, acetazolimide, brinzolamide, methazolamide)? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSwarning for sulfonamide allergy with the eye drops and oral
acetazolamide
What purpose does brimonidine have in glaucoma? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
used as add on therapy when extra intraocluar pressure relief is required
-it is an alpha-2 agonist which increases aqueous outflow and reduces
aqueous humor production
What are common treatments for bacterial conjunctivitis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS-Azithromycin (Azasite) store if fridge; 14 days at room temp
-Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan)
-Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)
-Trimethaporim/Polymyxin B (Polytrim)
What medications can reduce inflammation in conjunctivitis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSteroids: Prednisolone (Pred Forte)
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail)
What natural products can help with motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGinger, in teas and supplements
Peppermint
What are the antihistamines used for motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSDiphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Cyclizine
Dimenhydrinate
Meclizine
-all except benadryl are long acting and are less sedating than Benadryl but
are still sedating
-all have anticholinergic effects
What are anticholinergic agents for motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSScopolamine, Meclizine
-both cause sedation, dry mouth, blurry vision and confusion
-scopolamine should be applied behind the ear 4-6 hrs prior to needing. Lasts
for 72 hrs
What natural products can be used for common skin conditions such as acne,
cold sores, sunburn and psoriasis? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Acne: tea tree oil
(can also be helpful for onychomycosis)
-Cold sores: lysine
-Sunburn and psoriasis: aloe (doesn't treat but in gel form provides soothing
effect)
,What are the 1st line topical agents for acne? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRetinoid
topicals
-Tretinoin cream (Atralin, Renova, Retin-A)
-Benzoyl peroxide
-benzoyl peroxide with erythromycin (Benzamycin) store in fridge
-benzoyl peroxide with clindamycin (Acanya, BenzaClin, Duac) must shake
well because of the mixture with 70% alcohol
What are the oral acne treatments? - CORRECT-ANSWERSIsotertinoin
-pregnancy category X; women must use 2 forms of birth control to use
-do not use with vitamin A, tetracyclines, steroids, progestin-only
contraceptives, or St john's wort
Minocycline ER (Solodyn)
What are the agents for alopecia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSfinasteride
(Propecia): FOR MEN ONLY
minoxidil topical: for men and women
bimatoprost solution: (for thinning eyelashes)
What are the treatments for eczema? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-hydration is
essential so use moisturizers
-topical steroids, occasionally oral courses may be needed
-if hydration and steroids are inadequate, use of immunosuppressant
calcineurin inhibitors should be used
-Pimecrolimus (Elidel): use only as second line/refractory agent; Do not use
in children less than 2
What is 1st line therapy for fungal infections of the skin? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSterbinafine (lamisil)
butenafine (Lotrimin)
Clotrimazole (Desenex)
Miconazole (Monistat)
Tolnaftate (Tinactin)
Undecylenic acid (Cruex)
Betamethasone/clotrimazole (Lotrisone)
What is the treatment for genital warts? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe are
caused by HPV
-treat with Imiquimod cream (Aldara, Zyclara)
What are the treatments for hemorrhoids? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPhenylephrine (Preparation-H)
Hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC)
Witch Hazel (Tucks medicated pads)
What are the agents to treat lice? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPermethrin
, Pyrethins
Spinosad
Malathion (flammable)
Benzyl alcohol
Ivermectin
lindane (not 1st line due to high risk of neurotoxicity)
what vehicles influence the potency of topical steroids? list from strongest to
weakest - CORRECT-ANSWERSointment
creams
lotion
solution
gel
spray
What are the potency differences between the various topical steroids? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSVery high potency:
-clobetasol
-betamethasone ointment
-halobetasol
-fluocinoide cream
High potency:
-betamethazone cream
-mometasone ointment
-fluocinonide ointment
High-medium potency:
-fluocinonide cream
Medium potency:
-mometasone cream
-triamcinolone
-hydrocortisone
What does UVA and UVB do to the body - CORRECT-ANSWERSUVA causes
aging
UVB causes burns
What chemicals should sunscreen contain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAvobenzone
cinoxate
ecamsule
menthyl anthranilate
octyl methoxycinnamate or salicylate or benzone
What medications can cause weight gain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSinsulin,
sulfonylureas, glitazones
antipsychotics
steroids
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the equation for corrected phenytoin? - CORRECT-ANSWERSCP=
measured serum phenytoin/(0.2*albumin)+0.1
What is the principle intracellular cation? - CORRECT-ANSWERSpotassium
Principle extracellular is Sodium
What is the beta-3 agonist used for overactive bladder? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSMirabegron (Mybetriq)
-use with caution in narrow therapeutic window 2D6 inhibitors
-may cause angioedema, increase BP
What agent can be used for refractory overactive bladder? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSOnabotulinum Toxin A
What are the 2 types of glaucoma? - CORRECT-ANSWERSOpen angle: most
common type, treated with eye drop to decrease intraocular pressure
Closed angle: sudden sharp increase in IOP that requires emergent surgical
treatment
What medication can increase IOP? - CORRECT-ANSWERSantihistamines
scopolamine
anticholinergics
chronic steroids (especially prednisolone eye drops)
topirimate
What are the option to reduce IOP? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Beta blockers
(timolol)- make less fluid
-Prostaglandin analogs (latanoprost and travoprost) move fluid out of the eye
-Mixture of both
These medications will sting the eyes and cause momentary blurred vision
What are the side effects of latanoprost and travoprost? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSDarkening of the iris, eyelid skin, and eyelashes
Also can increase the length and number of eyelashes
,what is the warning with the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
(dorzolamide, acetazolimide, brinzolamide, methazolamide)? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSwarning for sulfonamide allergy with the eye drops and oral
acetazolamide
What purpose does brimonidine have in glaucoma? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-
used as add on therapy when extra intraocluar pressure relief is required
-it is an alpha-2 agonist which increases aqueous outflow and reduces
aqueous humor production
What are common treatments for bacterial conjunctivitis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERS-Azithromycin (Azasite) store if fridge; 14 days at room temp
-Ciprofloxacin (Ciloxan)
-Ofloxacin (Ocuflox)
-Trimethaporim/Polymyxin B (Polytrim)
What medications can reduce inflammation in conjunctivitis? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSSteroids: Prednisolone (Pred Forte)
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail)
What natural products can help with motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSGinger, in teas and supplements
Peppermint
What are the antihistamines used for motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSDiphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Cyclizine
Dimenhydrinate
Meclizine
-all except benadryl are long acting and are less sedating than Benadryl but
are still sedating
-all have anticholinergic effects
What are anticholinergic agents for motion sickness? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSScopolamine, Meclizine
-both cause sedation, dry mouth, blurry vision and confusion
-scopolamine should be applied behind the ear 4-6 hrs prior to needing. Lasts
for 72 hrs
What natural products can be used for common skin conditions such as acne,
cold sores, sunburn and psoriasis? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-Acne: tea tree oil
(can also be helpful for onychomycosis)
-Cold sores: lysine
-Sunburn and psoriasis: aloe (doesn't treat but in gel form provides soothing
effect)
,What are the 1st line topical agents for acne? - CORRECT-ANSWERSRetinoid
topicals
-Tretinoin cream (Atralin, Renova, Retin-A)
-Benzoyl peroxide
-benzoyl peroxide with erythromycin (Benzamycin) store in fridge
-benzoyl peroxide with clindamycin (Acanya, BenzaClin, Duac) must shake
well because of the mixture with 70% alcohol
What are the oral acne treatments? - CORRECT-ANSWERSIsotertinoin
-pregnancy category X; women must use 2 forms of birth control to use
-do not use with vitamin A, tetracyclines, steroids, progestin-only
contraceptives, or St john's wort
Minocycline ER (Solodyn)
What are the agents for alopecia? - CORRECT-ANSWERSfinasteride
(Propecia): FOR MEN ONLY
minoxidil topical: for men and women
bimatoprost solution: (for thinning eyelashes)
What are the treatments for eczema? - CORRECT-ANSWERS-hydration is
essential so use moisturizers
-topical steroids, occasionally oral courses may be needed
-if hydration and steroids are inadequate, use of immunosuppressant
calcineurin inhibitors should be used
-Pimecrolimus (Elidel): use only as second line/refractory agent; Do not use
in children less than 2
What is 1st line therapy for fungal infections of the skin? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSterbinafine (lamisil)
butenafine (Lotrimin)
Clotrimazole (Desenex)
Miconazole (Monistat)
Tolnaftate (Tinactin)
Undecylenic acid (Cruex)
Betamethasone/clotrimazole (Lotrisone)
What is the treatment for genital warts? - CORRECT-ANSWERSThe are
caused by HPV
-treat with Imiquimod cream (Aldara, Zyclara)
What are the treatments for hemorrhoids? - CORRECT-
ANSWERSPhenylephrine (Preparation-H)
Hydrocortisone (Anusol-HC)
Witch Hazel (Tucks medicated pads)
What are the agents to treat lice? - CORRECT-ANSWERSPermethrin
, Pyrethins
Spinosad
Malathion (flammable)
Benzyl alcohol
Ivermectin
lindane (not 1st line due to high risk of neurotoxicity)
what vehicles influence the potency of topical steroids? list from strongest to
weakest - CORRECT-ANSWERSointment
creams
lotion
solution
gel
spray
What are the potency differences between the various topical steroids? -
CORRECT-ANSWERSVery high potency:
-clobetasol
-betamethasone ointment
-halobetasol
-fluocinoide cream
High potency:
-betamethazone cream
-mometasone ointment
-fluocinonide ointment
High-medium potency:
-fluocinonide cream
Medium potency:
-mometasone cream
-triamcinolone
-hydrocortisone
What does UVA and UVB do to the body - CORRECT-ANSWERSUVA causes
aging
UVB causes burns
What chemicals should sunscreen contain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSAvobenzone
cinoxate
ecamsule
menthyl anthranilate
octyl methoxycinnamate or salicylate or benzone
What medications can cause weight gain? - CORRECT-ANSWERSinsulin,
sulfonylureas, glitazones
antipsychotics
steroids
