Nursing Theory Exam 3 Continued
Latest Update
what does the anatomy for bowel elimination involve? - Answer - stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine (primary organ of bowel elimination & extends from the ileocecal valve
to the anus)
what are the functions of the large intestine? - Answer absorption of water, formation of
feces, expulsion of feces from the body
what is the process of peristalsis? - Answer 1. under control of the nervous system
2. contractions occur every 3-12 minutes
3. mass peristalsis sweep occurs 1-4 times each 24 hr period
4. 1/3 to 1/2 of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hrs and the remainder within
24-48 hrs later
what is the process of defecation? - Answer -emptying of the large intestine
-2 centers govern the reflex to defecate (1 in the medulla and the other in the spinal
cord).
- primary stimulus for the defecation reflex
- Valsalva maneuver
-normal elimination patterns vary
what are the variables influencing bowel elimination? - Answer developmental
considerations
daily patterns
food & fluid
activity & muscle tone
lifestyle
psychological variables
pathologic conditions
, medications
diagnostic studies
surgery & anesthesia
what are the factors affecting developmental considerations for older adults? - Answer -
constipation is often chronic problem, fecal impaction, diarrhea & fecal incontinence
may result from
- physiologic or lifestyle changes
- activity & muscle tone
- lifestyle: individual family & sociocultural variables
- psychological variables
stress/anxiety/pathologic conditions
- diagnostic studies
fasting/ ingestion of dyes or barium/ cleansing bowel preps
- surgery & anesthesia
paralytic ileus (up to 3-5 days)
what are the constipation foods? - Answer processed cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta,
rice, white bread, iron & calcium supplements
what are the foods with a laxative effect? - Answer certain fruits & veggies (like prunes),
bran, chocolate & spicy foods, alc, coffee
What are gas producing foods? - Answer onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower
true or false: people digest & tolerate foods differently because of culture, traveling and
food tolerances - Answer true
how to physically assess the abdomen? - Answer inspection: observe contour, any
masses, scars, distention
auscultation: listen of bowel sounds, describe sounds as hypoactive, hyperactive,
absent or infrequent
palpations: light palpations, warm hands, watch face, note distention
how to physically assess the anus & rectum? - Answer inspection & palpation:
lesions,ulcers,fissures(linear break on the margin of the anus) inflammation, external
hemorrhoids
- ask pt. to bear down as though having a bowel movement and assess for appearance
Latest Update
what does the anatomy for bowel elimination involve? - Answer - stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine (primary organ of bowel elimination & extends from the ileocecal valve
to the anus)
what are the functions of the large intestine? - Answer absorption of water, formation of
feces, expulsion of feces from the body
what is the process of peristalsis? - Answer 1. under control of the nervous system
2. contractions occur every 3-12 minutes
3. mass peristalsis sweep occurs 1-4 times each 24 hr period
4. 1/3 to 1/2 of food waste is excreted in stool within 24 hrs and the remainder within
24-48 hrs later
what is the process of defecation? - Answer -emptying of the large intestine
-2 centers govern the reflex to defecate (1 in the medulla and the other in the spinal
cord).
- primary stimulus for the defecation reflex
- Valsalva maneuver
-normal elimination patterns vary
what are the variables influencing bowel elimination? - Answer developmental
considerations
daily patterns
food & fluid
activity & muscle tone
lifestyle
psychological variables
pathologic conditions
, medications
diagnostic studies
surgery & anesthesia
what are the factors affecting developmental considerations for older adults? - Answer -
constipation is often chronic problem, fecal impaction, diarrhea & fecal incontinence
may result from
- physiologic or lifestyle changes
- activity & muscle tone
- lifestyle: individual family & sociocultural variables
- psychological variables
stress/anxiety/pathologic conditions
- diagnostic studies
fasting/ ingestion of dyes or barium/ cleansing bowel preps
- surgery & anesthesia
paralytic ileus (up to 3-5 days)
what are the constipation foods? - Answer processed cheese, lean meat, eggs, pasta,
rice, white bread, iron & calcium supplements
what are the foods with a laxative effect? - Answer certain fruits & veggies (like prunes),
bran, chocolate & spicy foods, alc, coffee
What are gas producing foods? - Answer onions, cabbage, beans, cauliflower
true or false: people digest & tolerate foods differently because of culture, traveling and
food tolerances - Answer true
how to physically assess the abdomen? - Answer inspection: observe contour, any
masses, scars, distention
auscultation: listen of bowel sounds, describe sounds as hypoactive, hyperactive,
absent or infrequent
palpations: light palpations, warm hands, watch face, note distention
how to physically assess the anus & rectum? - Answer inspection & palpation:
lesions,ulcers,fissures(linear break on the margin of the anus) inflammation, external
hemorrhoids
- ask pt. to bear down as though having a bowel movement and assess for appearance
