West Coast EMT Final Exam

A newborn's one minute APGAR score is 8. Which of the following EMT interventions will you provide to this newborn? A. routine post delivery care B. full resuscitation is needed and reassess APGAR score C. some resuscitation assistance such as oxygen D. continue to monitor and reassess the APGAR score in 10 minutes - A. routine post delivery care If you could only take two pieces of equipment with you to a patient's side, you should choose the: - AED and portable suction unit Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? A. A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients B. A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients C. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured D. A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting - C. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers? A. Automatic transport ventilators B. Automated external defibrillator C. Needle decompression D. Multilumen airways - B. Automated external defibrillator After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: A. discontinue patient care and seek medical attention. B. immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution. C. report the incident to your supervisor after the call. D. get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible. - C. report the incident to your supervisor after the call. Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser: A. makes rude remarks about a person's body parts. B. touches another person without his or her consent. C. requests sexual favors in exchange for something else. D. stares at certain parts of another person's anatomy. - C. requests sexual favors in exchange for something else. Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? A. HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B. B. There is no vaccine against HIV infection. C. HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field. D. HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood. - B. There is no vaccine against HIV infection. While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe? A. Vector-borne transmission B. Airborne transmission C. Direct contact D. Indirect contact - D. Indirect contact You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should: A. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her. B. reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time. C. tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay. D. maintain eye contact at all times and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared. - A. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her. The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the: A. medical director. B. state EMS office. C. EMS supervisor. D. local health district. - A. medical director. You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased. B. ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response. C. stop any active bleeding and advise dispatch to send a paramedic crew. D. request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR. - A. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased. You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? A. Treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent. B. Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital. C. Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent for treatment. D. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. - D. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. You should: A. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay. B. apply traction splints to both of his legs, keep him warm, and transport without delay. C. splint each of his deformed femurs with long board splints and transport without delay. D. splint each of his deformed femurs with air splints, elevate his lower extremities, and transport. - A. bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay. You are dispatched to an office building for a 49-year-old male with chest pain. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient to be conscious and alert, but in obvious pain. He tells you that he did not call 9-1-1; a coworker did. He further states that he does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. You should: A. ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care. B. err in the best interest of the patient and transport him at once. C. have him sign a refusal of care form and then return to service. D. tell him that he is having a heart attack and needs medical care. - ensure that he is aware of the risks of refusing medical care. According to the rule of palm method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to of his or her total BSA. A. 1% B. 2% C. 4% D. 6% - A. 1% You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should: A. honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment. B. transport the patient without providing any treatment. C. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. D. decide on further action once the DNR order is produced. - C. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed. As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: A. place the patient in a high-visibility area and then respond to the call. B. inform the admissions clerk of the situation and then respond at once. C. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician. D. leave a copy of the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call. - C. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician. A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: A. reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about. B. attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from her child because this will increase her anxiety. C. give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability. D. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother. - D. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother. Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? A. It is a designated frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control. B. It is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field. C. It is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user. D. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users. - D. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users. Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? A. A patient who consumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment. B. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport. C. Documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment. D. Advice given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented. - B. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport. Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: A. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board. B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head. C. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag. D. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. - B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? A. Portable stretcher B. Long backboard C. Scoop stretcher D. Wheeled stretcher - B. Long backboard You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is: A. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the foot end. B. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the foot end. C. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end. D. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the head end. - C. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end. A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should: A. ask bystanders to stand at all four corners of the LZ. B. use yellow caution tape to mark of the LZ perimeter. C. place four flares 100 feet apart in an "X" pattern. D. use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ. - D. use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is: A. inside the jump kit. B. in the driver's compartment. C. near the side or rear door. D. on the ambulance stretcher. - B. in the driver's compartment. When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should: Select one: A. approach the aircraft from the side because this will make it easier for you to access the aircraft doors. B. remember that the main rotor blade is flexible and can dip as low as 5¢ to 6¢ from the ground. C. carefully approach the aircraft from the rear unless a crew member instructs you to do otherwise. D. never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas. - D. never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas. Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies? Select one: A. Oral glucose B. Inhaled bronchodilator C. Vacuum splint D. DuoDote Auto-Injector - D. DuoDote Auto-Injector You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should: Select one: A. advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit. B. quickly proceed to the call and clean and restock the ambulance afterwards. C. have your partner quickly clean the ambulance as you proceed to the call. D. proceed to the call, functioning only as an emergency medical responder. - A. advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit. A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should: Select one: A. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance. B. obtain baseline vital signs and transport at once. C. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. stabilize her legs with long board splints. - A. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance. A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain and left leg pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should: Select one: A. apply a full leg splint prior to extrication. B. use the rapid extrication technique. C. immobilize him with a vest-style device. D. maintain slight traction to his neck area. - C. immobilize him with a vest-style device. The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should: Select one: A. allow her to talk to her husband during the extrication. B. ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene. C. allow her to observe the extrication and keep her calm. D. ask her follow-up questions about the details of the crash. - B. ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene. Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should: Select one: A. begin triage to determine injury severity. B. call medical control for further direction. C. immediately request additional resources. D. request law enforcement for traffic control. - C. immediately request additional resources. When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient: Select one: A. after receiving approval from the incident commander. B. only if the patient has experienced a major injury. C. after rescue personnel have cut the battery cables. D. only after you believe the vehicle has been stabilized. - A. after receiving approval from the incident commander. When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should: Select one: A. release c-spine control to facilitate rapid removal. B. move him or her in one fast, continuous step. C. remove him or her using a short backboard. D. protect the cervical spine during the entire process. - D. protect the cervical spine during the entire process. You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree—one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance? - Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should: Select one: A. request the rescue team to extricate him. B. ask the patient if he can unlock the door. C. break the window and unlock the door. D. use a pry bar to attempt to open the door. - B. ask the patient if he can unlock the door. You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should: Select one: A. limit your primary assessment to airway and breathing only. B. treat only critical injuries before moving him to a safe place. C. perform a rapid assessment and move him to a place of safety. D. grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety. - D. grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety. You arrive at an accident scene to find an alternative-fuel vehicle leaking an unknown substance. You should immediately . Select one: A. search the vehicle for occupants B. disconnect the car battery C. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle D. apply retardant to the leaking fuel - C. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her: Select one: A. should regularly report to the incident commander (IC) to inform him or her of the functions that his or her team is performing. B. is more beneficial to the overall effort than a supervisor with fewer personnel because his or her team can accomplish more tasks. C. has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person. D. should assign a specific task to each person reporting to him or her and regularly follow up to ensure that the tasks were carried out. - C. has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person. According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min? Select one: A. Administer high-flow oxygen. B. Assess his or her neurologic status. C. Assess for bilateral radial pulses. D. Triage the patient as delayed. - C. Assess for bilateral radial pulses. After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT: Select one: A. the recommended transport destination for each patient. B. recommendations for movement to the treatment area. C. the total number of patients that have been triaged. D. the number of patients in each triage category. - A. the recommended transport destination for each patient. As a triage supervisor, you: Select one: A. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged. B. must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area. C. are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients. D. should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities. - A. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged. Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should: Select one: A. ask a firefighter what the patient was exposed to. B. perform a rapid assessment to locate critical injuries. C. administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation. - D. begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation. A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distres and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple comands, and can only speak in two-to three-word sentences at a time. You should: - apply a CPAP device, monitor his BP, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called: Select one: A. single command. B. undermining. C. freelancing. D. logistical chaos. - C. freelancing. While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert, and breathing; has bilateral radial pulses; and has a severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should: Select one: A. evacuate him to a designated area and assign him a minimal (green) category. B. assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients. C. apply high-flow oxygen, obtain baseline vital signs, and continue triaging. D. quickly bind his legs together to stabilize the fracture, and continue triaging. - B. assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients. You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do? Select one: A. Cover your face with your shirt and quickly extricate the injured driver. B. Realize that you are in the danger zone and prevent others from entering. C. Remain where you are and perform a visual assessment of the patient. D. Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team. - D. Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team. You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category? Select one: A. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing B. A 29-year-old male with bilaterally closed femur deformities C. A 36-year-old female with back pain and numb extremities D. A 50-year-old male with an open head injury and no pulse - A. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should: Select one: A. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. B. position him supine and elevate his legs. C. assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen. D. request a paramedic to administer atropine. - C. assist his ventilations with high- flow oxygen. All of the following are vesicant agents, EXCEPT: Select one: A. lewisite. B. sulfur mustard. C. phosgene oxime. D. sarin. - D. sarin. Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to high-flow oxygen, the MOST appropriate treatment for these patients includes: Select one: A. atropine and pralidoxime chloride. B. epinephrine and hyperbaric oxygen. C. activated charcoal and glucose. D. amyl nitrate and naloxone. - A. atropine and pralidoxime chloride. The EMT should expect that a patient who was exposed to cyanide will have: Select one: A. an abnormally slow respiratory rate. B. a normal pulse oximetry reading. C. an abnormally slow pulse rate. D. skin that is cherry red and hot. - B. a normal pulse oximetry reading. Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct? Select one: A. Solid organs such as the middle ear, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract are the most susceptible to pressure changes. B. Tertiary blast injuries are penetrating or nonpenetrating injuries that result from flying debris, such as ordnance projectiles. C. Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase. D. The gastrointestinal tract is the organ system most sensitive to blast injuries and is the leading cause of death following an explosion. - C. Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase. EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to: Select one: A. more clearly explain to patients the nature of their condition. B. communicate effectively with other members of the health care team. C. perform and document more accurate patient assessments. D. determine and document more accurate patient diagnoses. - B. communicate effectively with other members of the health care team. You are transporting to a 66-year-old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that: Select one: A. the problem is unrelated to the patient's heart condition. B. the problem is with the patient's liver. C. the problem is a direct consequence of the patient's heart disease. D. the organ involved is enlarged. - B. the problem is with the patient's liver. If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: Select one: A. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. B. inspiratory reserve is increased. C. minute volume is decreased. D. overall tidal volume is increased. - C. minute volume is decreased. The central nervous system is composed of the: Select one: A. brain and sensory nerves. B. spinal cord and sensory nerves. C. motor and sensory nerves. D. brain and spinal cord. - D. brain and spinal cord. What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one: A. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. B. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease. C. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. D. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. - C. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Select one: A. 90 beats/min. B. 70 beats/min. C. 80 beats/min. D. 60 beats/min. - B. 70 beats/min. The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is . Select one: A. too shallow B. too fast C. too slow D. normal - D. normal You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: Select one: A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. B. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. C. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. D. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. - A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: Select one: A. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. B. elevate his legs and keep him warm. C. ensure that his airway is patent. D. apply direct pressure to the wound. - D. apply direct pressure to the wound. An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on: Select one: A. obtaining baseline vital signs. B. gathering medical history data. C. airway, breathing, and circulation. D. providing immediate transport. - C. airway, breathing, and circulation. During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions: Select one: A. immediately after completion of your primary assessment. B. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding. C. before you load the patient into the ambulance. D. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. - D. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: Select one: A. dorsum of the hand. B. lips or oral mucosa. C. forehead and face. D. back of the neck. - B. lips or oral mucosa. What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma? Select one: A. Head tilt-neck lift B. Tongue-jaw lift C. Head tilt-chin lift D. Jaw-thrust maneuver - D. Jaw-thrust maneuver Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size- up? Select one: A. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status B. Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel C. Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle D. Asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog - A. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should: Select one: A. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance. B. document the presence of the weapon, including its specific location, and continue your assessment of the patient. C. immediately cease all patient care, carefully back out of the residence, and request law enforcement assistance. D. direct your partner to move the gun to a safe area and then advise the patient that his weapon has been secured. - A. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance. A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: Select one: A. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. B. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. C. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. D. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. - D. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Select one: A. Severe pulmonary edema B. Increased body temperature C. His extremities are cold D. Carbon monoxide poisoning - D. Carbon monoxide poisoning A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: Select one: A. nasal cannula. B. mouth-to-mask device. C. nonrebreathing mask. D. bag-valve mask. - C. nonrebreathing mask. During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: Select one: A. fluid in the alveoli. B. swelling of the upper airway. C. a lower airway obstruction. D. secretions in the airway. - C. a lower airway obstruction. How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? Select one: A. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. B. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung. C. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion. D. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation. - A. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: Select one: A. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. B. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. C. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. D. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. - D. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: Select one: A. respiration. B. diffusion. C. ventilation. D. oxygenation. - C. ventilation. What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? Select one: A. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar- capillary membrane. B. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. C. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. D. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations. - C. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? Select one: A. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations B. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing C. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations D. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume - B. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? Select one: A. 65% B. 55% C. 45% D. 75% - B. 55% A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. C. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. D. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. - B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. B. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. C. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours. D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. - D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? Select one: A. Extreme agitation B. Tachycardia C. Slow respirations D. Hypertension - C. Slow respirations While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. B. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect. C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place. D. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose. - B. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect. You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. B. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. C. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route. D. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin - D. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital. A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. wrap the towel with pressure bandages. B. apply pressure to the brachial artery. C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. D. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. - C. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Rapid transport to a trauma center C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Full immobilization of her spine - B. Rapid transport to a trauma center As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Open the airway. B. Control the bleeding. C. Check for a pulse. D. Administer oxygen. - B. Control the bleeding. Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. B. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. - A. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds. Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. anaphylactic shock. D. cardiogenic shock. - D. cardiogenic shock. Shock due to severe infection is called . Select one: A. anaphylactic shock B. septic shock C. neurogenic shock D. hypovolemic shock - B. septic shock What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets B. Arteries, veins, capillaries C. Heart, brain, lungs D. Heart, blood vessels, blood - D. Heart, blood vessels, blood When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. C. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. D. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. - D. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. - D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called . Select one: A. irreversible shock B. compensated shock C. decompensated shock D. late shock - B. compensated shock A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: Select one: A. withhold CPR until he is defibrillated. B. start CPR and transport immediately. C. begin CPR until an AED is available. D. determine if he has a valid living will. - C. begin CPR until an AED is available. CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Select one: A. Displacement of her uterus allowed her lungs to expand more fully, which restored her pulse. B. Increased blood flow to her heart caused her ventricles to stop fibrillating, which restored her pulse. C. Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness. D. Displacement of her uterus caused blood to flow backward, which increased blood flow to her heart. - C. Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness. Gastric distention will MOST likely occur: Select one: a. in patients who are intubated. c. when the airway is completely obstructed. d. when you deliver minimal tidal volume. e. if you ventilate a patient too quickly. - e. if you ventilate a patient too quickly. If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should . Select one: A. leave it in place B. place the patient on his or her side C. remove it D. continue chest compressions - C. remove it In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by: Select one: A. respiratory arrest. B. a cardiac dysrhythmia. C. a drug overdose. D. severe chest trauma. - A. respiratory arrest. Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should: Select one: A. suction the airway and reattempt the jaw-thrust maneuver. B. tilt the head back while lifting up on the patient's neck. C. carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. D. try opening the airway by lifting up on the chin. - C. carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver. What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR? Select one: A. 5:1 B. 30:1 C. 30:2 D. 3:2 - C. 30:2 Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should: Select one: A. place the patient supine. B. perform abdominal thrusts. C. encourage the patient to cough. D. administer back blows. - C. encourage the patient to cough. Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should: Select one: A. move the patch to another area of the patient's chest and then properly apply the AED pads. B. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads. C. apply the AED pad at least 1 inch away from the medication patch to avoid skin burns. D. continue CPR until you can determine the name of the medication contained in the patch. - B. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads. Most patients with an infectious disease will have . Select one: A. abdominal pain B. a low blood glucose level C. a fever D. seizures - C. a fever When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: Select one: A. transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital. B. have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. C. perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. D. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. - D. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Select one: A. Substance abuse B. Alzheimer disease C. Depression D. Schizophrenia - A. Substance abuse Which of the following is an example of a functional behavioral disorder? A. head trauma B. drug addiction C. schizophrenia D. Alzheimer's disease - C. schizophrenia You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: Select one: A. load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital. B. perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly. C. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. D. administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. - C. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: Select one: A. trauma emergency. B. medical emergency. C. combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency. D. combination of a medical and trauma emergency. - D. combination of a medical and trauma emergency. A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: Select one: A. epinephrine. B. a beta-antagonist. C. albuterol. D. an antihistamine. - A. epinephrine. A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? Select one: A. Exacerbation of his COPD B. Rupture of the diaphragm C. Acute pulmonary embolism D. Spontaneous pneumothorax - D. Spontaneous pneumothorax Crackles (rales) are caused by . Select one: A. mucus in the larger airways B. narrowing of the upper airways C. air passing through fluid D. severe bronchoconstriction - C. air passing through fluid His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. croup. B. pertussis. C. epiglottitis. D. bronchiolitis. - D. bronchiolitis In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: Select one: A. the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen. B. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed. C. there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion. D. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar- capillary membrane. - D. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? Select one: A. Bronchi B. Capillaries C. Alveoli D. Trachea - C. Alveoli Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? Select one: A. Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia B. Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85% C. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg D. Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety - C. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: Select one: A. an absence of breath sounds. B. diminished breath sounds. C. abnormal breath sounds. D. normal breath sounds. - C. abnormal breath sounds. While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? Select one: A. Acute asthma attack B. Widespread atelectasis C. Early pulmonary edema D. Aspiration pneumonia - D. Aspiration pneumonia You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: Select one: A. immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition. B. advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption. C. allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation. D. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. - D. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and bronchospasm. B. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. C. bacterial infection of the epiglottis. D. inflammation of the bronchioles. - B. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. influenza Type A. B. pneumonia. C. tuberculosis. D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). - C. tuberculosis. Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the . Select one: A. COPD drive B. CO2 drive C. hypoxic drive D. alternate drive - C. hypoxic drive A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: Select one: A. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. B. assess the adequacy of his respirations. C. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. D. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history. - B. assess the adequacy of his respirations. A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. B. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. C. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. D. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once. - A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: Select one: A. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place. B. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest. C. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate. D. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. - D. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? Select one: A. Acute myocardial infarction B. Thoracic aortic aneurysm C. Uncontrolled hypertension D. Obstructive lung disease - A. Acute myocardial infarction A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: Select one: A. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow. B. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing. C. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. D. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen. - C. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: Select one: A. with a history of an ischemic stroke. B. who have taken up to two doses. C. who have experienced a head injury. D. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. - C. who have experienced a head injury. Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who: Select one: A. have chronic hypertension. B. regularly take illegal drugs. C. are older than 40 years of age. D. have had a stroke in the past. - A. have chronic hypertension. Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? Select one: A. Labored breathing B. Flat jugular veins C. Dependent edema D. Pulmonary edema - C. Dependent edema You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: Select one: A. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup. B. have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders. C. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. D. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm. - C. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport? Select one: A. He has experienced seizures since he was 20 B. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 15 C. His wife states that this was his "usual" seizure D. He is currently not prescribed any medications - D. He is currently not prescribed any medications Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? Select one: A. Hypovolemia B. Intracranial bleeding C. Hypoglycemia D. A postictal state - A. Hypovolemia You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: Select one: A. oral glucose gel and transport. B. ventilatory assistance and transport. C. high-flow oxygen and transport. D. recovery position and transport. - D. recovery position and transport. You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: Select one: A. cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula. B. call medical control and request permission to give the child aspirin. C. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. D. advise the mother to take her child to the doctor the following day. - C. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to: Select one: A. keep her supine and keep her warm. B. protect her airway from aspiration. C. rapidly transport her to the hospital. D. give her high-flow supplemental oxygen. - B. protect her airway from aspiration. A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to: Select one: A. determine the exact location and cause of his pain. B. transport him in a supine position. C. assess his blood pressure to determine perfusion adequacy. D. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock. - D. be alert for signs and symptoms of shock. A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should: Select one: A. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity. B. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport. C. request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication. D. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once. - B. administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport. Peritonitis may result in shock because: Select one: A. fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues. B. intra-abdominal hemorrhage is typically present. C. severe pain causes systemic dilation of the vasculature. D. abdominal distention impairs cardiac contractions. - A. fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues. Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea? Select one: A. Oral glucose B. Low-flow oxygen C. Cricoid pressure D. Positive-pressure ventilation - B. Low-flow oxygen Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct? Select one: A. The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water. B. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness. C. Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis. D. Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis. - B. Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness. Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect: Select one: A. pneumonia. B. aortic aneurysm. C. peptic ulcer disease. D. kidney stones. - C. peptic ulcer disease. A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: Select one: A. severe insulin shock. B. acidosis and dehydration. C. hypoxia and overhydration. D. irreversible renal failure. - D. irreversible renal failure. A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect? Select one: A. Diabetic ketoacidosis B. Congestive heart failure C. Pulmonary embolism D. Severe hypoglycemia - C. Pulmonary embolism A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: Select one: A. a heart attack. B. hyperglycemia. C. an acute stroke. D. hypoglycemia. - A. a heart attack. A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should: Select one: A. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing. B. administer oral glucose between her cheek and gum. C. administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. assess for the presence of a medical identification tag. - A. open and maintain her airway and assess breathing. A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as . Select one: A. diabetic ketoacidosis B. hyperglycemic crisis C. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma D. hypoglycemic crisis - A. diabetic ketoacidosis A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms? Select one: A. Deep, rapid respirations B. Pale, cool, and clammy skin C. Warm, red, and dry skin D. Hypertension - B. Pale, cool, and clammy skin Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include: Select one: A. cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations. B. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations. C. warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations. D. warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations. - B. coo