BIL 150 Exam 2 || A+ GRADED
Proteins constructed from same set of how many amino acids? correct answers 20
Covalent bond between amino acids is known as a... correct answers Peptide Bond
Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of... correct answers amino acids
Biologically functioning molecule made up of one of more polypeptides folded and coiled
into a specific 3 dimensional shape correct answers Protein
9 amino acids that cannot be synthesized by heterotrophs so they must get them from food
correct answers Essential Amino Acids
What determines characteristics of an amino acid? correct answers Physical and chemical
properties of R group
Primary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Unique sequence of amino acids
Secondary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Regions stabilized by Hydrogen
bonding, can result in alpha helices or beta pleated sheets, R GROUP NOT INVOLVED
Tertiary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Overall shape of polypeptide due to R
group interactions, does NOT include peptide bonds
Quaternary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Overall structure of 2 or more
polypeptide chains that pack together to form one macromolecule
Protein molecules that assist in folding proteins correct answers Chaperonins
If pH, salt concentration, temperature etc. are altered, the protein may be... correct answers
Denatured which results in biological inactivity
Method most commonly used to determine 3D structure of a protein correct answers X-Ray
Crystallography
Proteins that have no definite shape until they react with another protein correct answers
Intrinsically Disordered
Non macromolecule consisting mainly of hydrocarbon regions, very hydrophobic/non polar
correct answers Lipid
Why do cells use fats for energy storage? correct answers 3 hydrophobic fatty acid
hydrocarbon tails store more potential energy than other molecules
Saturated Fats. correct answers Single bonds, Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats correct answers Cis double bonds which cause a kink in tails disabling
molecules from packing tightly, cannot become solid--> LIQUID at room temp
, Phospholipids correct answers make up the cell membrane, Hydrophilic polar heads,
Hydrophobic non polar tails
Steroids correct answers Type of lipid, same carbon skeleton 4 linked rings, differs in what is
attached to the rings
Cholesterol correct answers Important component of cell membrane, helps with fluidity
Estradiol correct answers Primary female sex hormone produced by ovaries
Testosterone correct answers Primary male sex hormone produced in Testes
Bond between carboxyl group and hydroxyl group correct answers Ester linkage
Hydrogenated correct answers Converting unsaturated fats by saturating them with hydrogens
to ensure they solidify at room temp
Major function of fats correct answers energy storage
Humans and other mammals store long term food reserves in... correct answers Adipose cells
that make up tissues
Adipose tissues... correct answers Insulate the body and cushion organs
Plants store energy as starch but... correct answers Humans use fats which are 2x more
energy dense and allow for mobility, reducing bulkiness and reducing weight of energy
storage
Glycerol correct answers 3 carbon alcohol with a carboxyl group attached to each carbon
When phosphorus lipids are added to water... correct answers They self assemble into
bilayers and micelles
Phospholipid Bilayer correct answers Forms boundary between cell and external
environment, establishes separate compartments within Eukaryotic cells
Existence of cells depends on properties of... correct answers Phospholipids
Nucleic Acids correct answers Store genetic information and function in gene expression
Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is determined by correct answers discrete unit of
inheritance aka gene
Nucleic Acids are polymers made of monomers called correct answers nucleotides
What two things enable living things to reproduce their complex components from one
generation to the next correct answers DNA and RNA
Proteins constructed from same set of how many amino acids? correct answers 20
Covalent bond between amino acids is known as a... correct answers Peptide Bond
Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of... correct answers amino acids
Biologically functioning molecule made up of one of more polypeptides folded and coiled
into a specific 3 dimensional shape correct answers Protein
9 amino acids that cannot be synthesized by heterotrophs so they must get them from food
correct answers Essential Amino Acids
What determines characteristics of an amino acid? correct answers Physical and chemical
properties of R group
Primary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Unique sequence of amino acids
Secondary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Regions stabilized by Hydrogen
bonding, can result in alpha helices or beta pleated sheets, R GROUP NOT INVOLVED
Tertiary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Overall shape of polypeptide due to R
group interactions, does NOT include peptide bonds
Quaternary Level of Protein Structure correct answers Overall structure of 2 or more
polypeptide chains that pack together to form one macromolecule
Protein molecules that assist in folding proteins correct answers Chaperonins
If pH, salt concentration, temperature etc. are altered, the protein may be... correct answers
Denatured which results in biological inactivity
Method most commonly used to determine 3D structure of a protein correct answers X-Ray
Crystallography
Proteins that have no definite shape until they react with another protein correct answers
Intrinsically Disordered
Non macromolecule consisting mainly of hydrocarbon regions, very hydrophobic/non polar
correct answers Lipid
Why do cells use fats for energy storage? correct answers 3 hydrophobic fatty acid
hydrocarbon tails store more potential energy than other molecules
Saturated Fats. correct answers Single bonds, Solid at room temperature
Unsaturated Fats correct answers Cis double bonds which cause a kink in tails disabling
molecules from packing tightly, cannot become solid--> LIQUID at room temp
, Phospholipids correct answers make up the cell membrane, Hydrophilic polar heads,
Hydrophobic non polar tails
Steroids correct answers Type of lipid, same carbon skeleton 4 linked rings, differs in what is
attached to the rings
Cholesterol correct answers Important component of cell membrane, helps with fluidity
Estradiol correct answers Primary female sex hormone produced by ovaries
Testosterone correct answers Primary male sex hormone produced in Testes
Bond between carboxyl group and hydroxyl group correct answers Ester linkage
Hydrogenated correct answers Converting unsaturated fats by saturating them with hydrogens
to ensure they solidify at room temp
Major function of fats correct answers energy storage
Humans and other mammals store long term food reserves in... correct answers Adipose cells
that make up tissues
Adipose tissues... correct answers Insulate the body and cushion organs
Plants store energy as starch but... correct answers Humans use fats which are 2x more
energy dense and allow for mobility, reducing bulkiness and reducing weight of energy
storage
Glycerol correct answers 3 carbon alcohol with a carboxyl group attached to each carbon
When phosphorus lipids are added to water... correct answers They self assemble into
bilayers and micelles
Phospholipid Bilayer correct answers Forms boundary between cell and external
environment, establishes separate compartments within Eukaryotic cells
Existence of cells depends on properties of... correct answers Phospholipids
Nucleic Acids correct answers Store genetic information and function in gene expression
Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is determined by correct answers discrete unit of
inheritance aka gene
Nucleic Acids are polymers made of monomers called correct answers nucleotides
What two things enable living things to reproduce their complex components from one
generation to the next correct answers DNA and RNA
