a priori - ANSWER prior to experience. often used to describe a proposition,
argument, or value that we can be certain is true without empirical verification,
something derived from pure reason
Albert Camus - ANSWER A French existentialist known for essays and novels. He
dealt with what he felt was the absurd situation of human beings in which the world is
essentially irrational, yet we still need to find meaning within it.
Aristippus - ANSWER ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates. believed
happiness consists in pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of
hedonism
Aristotle - ANSWER (384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato, that
philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the
world.
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato, taught
Alexander the Great, emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes",
said virtue was the middle ground between extremes, men should seek to use their
intellect
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many
aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many
aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences,
politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical
system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses,
theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the
essential method of rational inquiry.
Aristotle - ANSWER was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of ideal
forms
Aristotle - ANSWER Who put forms into physical objects?
Baron D'Holbach - ANSWER 1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued humans
were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces
(determinism); his staunch atheism, determinism, and attacks on Christianity
undermined the Enlightenment
categorical imperative - ANSWER a maxim that commands moral obligation
independent of experience or consequences. it is derived from pure reason and
always carries overriding value.
, Cogito ergo sum - ANSWER I think therefore I am. Descarte
Compatibalism - ANSWER Human actions are free if they are the result of internal
motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Compatibalism - ANSWER The thesis that free will and Determinism is
compatible. Soft Determinism is a version of compatibalism. Hard determinism and
Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories. (if you decide based on internal
constraints with no outside influence then you have free will. If your decision is
constrained by outside forces then your decisions are determined.)
Compatibalism - ANSWER The view that all events, including human actions, are
caused. However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Cultural relativism - ANSWER The view that cultural norms determine what is
ethically right and wrong
D'Holbach - ANSWER Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans were
machines governed by outside forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality
of the soul were myths. Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views - ANSWER Determinist believed in no "free will" everything has
a cause. River analogy
Daniel C Dennett - ANSWER (b. 1942-)the research of this American Philosopher
centers on the philosophy of mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary biology
and cognitive science (materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive - ANSWER What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology - ANSWER the ethical view that moral value is determined by fulfilling
one's duty
Descartes concept of the soul - ANSWER An eternal "thinking thing" that is
attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind body dualism)
Descriptive ethics - ANSWER An ethical approach that simply represents ethical
beliefs without evaluating their accuracy or appropriateness
Determinism - ANSWER The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a
doctrine seems to preclude human freedom by explaining all human behavior in
terms of chains of causes that stretch back into the dim recesses of one's heredity
and environment. ( you have no free choice, every decision you make can be traced
to a cause from your past)
determinism - ANSWER The view that every event, including human actions,is
brought about by previous events in accordance with universal causal laws that
govern the world. Human freedom is an illusion.
argument, or value that we can be certain is true without empirical verification,
something derived from pure reason
Albert Camus - ANSWER A French existentialist known for essays and novels. He
dealt with what he felt was the absurd situation of human beings in which the world is
essentially irrational, yet we still need to find meaning within it.
Aristippus - ANSWER ancient Greek philosopher. Follower of Socrates. believed
happiness consists in pleasure and is commonly associated with ethical doctrine of
hedonism
Aristotle - ANSWER (384-322 BCE) Believed, unlike his teacher Plato, that
philosophers could rely on their senses to provide accurate information about the
world.
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek Philosopher and scientist, studied under Plato, taught
Alexander the Great, emphasized observation and analysis by the "four causes",
said virtue was the middle ground between extremes, men should seek to use their
intellect
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many
aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher who proposed theories to explain many
aspects of human behavior; supported the empiricist view that all knowledge comes
from sensory experiences
Aristotle - ANSWER Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the
Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences,
politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical
system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses,
theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the
essential method of rational inquiry.
Aristotle - ANSWER was a pupil of Plato; did not accept Plato's theory of ideal
forms
Aristotle - ANSWER Who put forms into physical objects?
Baron D'Holbach - ANSWER 1723-1789; "System of Nature"; argued humans
were essentially like machines, completely determined by outside forces
(determinism); his staunch atheism, determinism, and attacks on Christianity
undermined the Enlightenment
categorical imperative - ANSWER a maxim that commands moral obligation
independent of experience or consequences. it is derived from pure reason and
always carries overriding value.
, Cogito ergo sum - ANSWER I think therefore I am. Descarte
Compatibalism - ANSWER Human actions are free if they are the result of internal
motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Compatibalism - ANSWER The thesis that free will and Determinism is
compatible. Soft Determinism is a version of compatibalism. Hard determinism and
Libertarianism are incompatibalist theories. (if you decide based on internal
constraints with no outside influence then you have free will. If your decision is
constrained by outside forces then your decisions are determined.)
Compatibalism - ANSWER The view that all events, including human actions, are
caused. However, we can consider human actions free if they are the result of
internal motivations, not the product of external influences or constraints
Cultural relativism - ANSWER The view that cultural norms determine what is
ethically right and wrong
D'Holbach - ANSWER Wrote "System of Nature", argued that humans were
machines governed by outside forces. He believed that free will, God, and immorality
of the soul were myths. Aggressively atheist.
D'Holbach's views - ANSWER Determinist believed in no "free will" everything has
a cause. River analogy
Daniel C Dennett - ANSWER (b. 1942-)the research of this American Philosopher
centers on the philosophy of mind. Particularly as it relates to evolutionary biology
and cognitive science (materialist)(compatibalism)
deductive - ANSWER What kind of argument is a categorical syllogism?
deontology - ANSWER the ethical view that moral value is determined by fulfilling
one's duty
Descartes concept of the soul - ANSWER An eternal "thinking thing" that is
attached to the Pineal Gland in the brain. (mind body dualism)
Descriptive ethics - ANSWER An ethical approach that simply represents ethical
beliefs without evaluating their accuracy or appropriateness
Determinism - ANSWER The doctrine that every event has a cause. Such a
doctrine seems to preclude human freedom by explaining all human behavior in
terms of chains of causes that stretch back into the dim recesses of one's heredity
and environment. ( you have no free choice, every decision you make can be traced
to a cause from your past)
determinism - ANSWER The view that every event, including human actions,is
brought about by previous events in accordance with universal causal laws that
govern the world. Human freedom is an illusion.
