ATSU SOMA Week 1
Histology - correct answer ✔✔a branch of anatomy that deals with the study of tissues or microscopic
anatomy; the microscopic study of tissue and its cells
Carcinoma - correct answer ✔✔malignancy of epithelial tissue origin
Sarcoma - correct answer ✔✔malignancy of connective tissue origin
Euchromatic - correct answer ✔✔light staining nucleus due to regions of chromosomes that are less
coiled, indicating that the DNA is actively transcribing mRNA
Heterochromatic - correct answer ✔✔dense, darkly staining nucleus due to tightly coiled chromatin,
presumably not transcriptionally active
Epithelial Tissue - correct answer ✔✔means "upon the nipple;" unilaminar or multilaminar sheets of
cells which are closely opposed to each other with little intercellular material; found on the surface of
skin, outer coverings of internal organs, and lining of ducts, body cavities, or glands
Classification of Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔1) The number of cell layers in the epithelium (simple
vs. stratified)
2) The height and shape of the surface layer of cells (squamous vs. cuboidal vs. columnar epithelium)
Simple Squamous Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔one cell layer of cells resting on a BM; means "Scale-
like", and is well suited for sites of fluid, metabolite, or gas exchange where such exchange may occur
across or between the cells; found in the lining of pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; also lines
cardiovascular and lymph channels, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, Bowman's Capsule, and Loops of
Henle
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔usually appear as high as they are wide; serves as lining
cells in conducting passageways (glandular ducts) or adapted to play a role in secretion and/or
, absorption; locations include ducts of many glands, kidney tubules (proximal and distal convoluted
tubules), thyroid follicles, and the free surface of the ovary
Simple Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔usually the cells are taller than they are wide;
associated with secretion (intestinal goblet cells, oviduct, and uterine secretory cells) and absorption
(intestinal absorptive cells); can be found lining ducts of glands, much of the digestive tract, small
bronchi and bronchioles, and portions of female reproductive tract (uterus and fallopian tubes)
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔despite apparently stratified or multilayered
appearance, all cells rest on BM; appears stratified because not all cells reach the free surface, and cells
appear crowded due to varying cellular shapes; may be ciliated; nuclei are stratified; this epithelium has
lining, secretory, and absorptive roles; locations include Eustachian tubes and part of middle ear,
respiratory passages, portions of male and female urethra, and goblet cells
Stratified Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔two or more layers of cells; only the basal (lower most) layer
rests on BM; epithelium can be distinguished by outer most layer; they are largely protecting areas
subject to wear, tear, and stress
Keratinized Squamous Epithelia - correct answer ✔✔also called cutaneous type; surface layers are dead
anucleate; well-adapted to physical insults, and covers the entire exposed surfaces of the body; example
is skin
Non-Keratinized Squamous Epithelia - correct answer ✔✔also called mucous type; surface cells contain
nuclei, but lack keratin; cover surfaces of moist cavities or orifices that open into body surfaces such as
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina, or urethra; functions as secretory epithelium, lubricating the body
surfaces with mucus
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔very limited distribution; usually two layers found,
found in large glandular ducts like cystic duct, salivary glands, sweat gland ducts, and granulosa cells of
the ovarian follicle
Stratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔also limited distribution; functions as a lining in
major ducts or regions of epithelial transitions, being interposed between two other varieties; found in
portions of larynx and pharynx, and portions of male urethra
Histology - correct answer ✔✔a branch of anatomy that deals with the study of tissues or microscopic
anatomy; the microscopic study of tissue and its cells
Carcinoma - correct answer ✔✔malignancy of epithelial tissue origin
Sarcoma - correct answer ✔✔malignancy of connective tissue origin
Euchromatic - correct answer ✔✔light staining nucleus due to regions of chromosomes that are less
coiled, indicating that the DNA is actively transcribing mRNA
Heterochromatic - correct answer ✔✔dense, darkly staining nucleus due to tightly coiled chromatin,
presumably not transcriptionally active
Epithelial Tissue - correct answer ✔✔means "upon the nipple;" unilaminar or multilaminar sheets of
cells which are closely opposed to each other with little intercellular material; found on the surface of
skin, outer coverings of internal organs, and lining of ducts, body cavities, or glands
Classification of Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔1) The number of cell layers in the epithelium (simple
vs. stratified)
2) The height and shape of the surface layer of cells (squamous vs. cuboidal vs. columnar epithelium)
Simple Squamous Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔one cell layer of cells resting on a BM; means "Scale-
like", and is well suited for sites of fluid, metabolite, or gas exchange where such exchange may occur
across or between the cells; found in the lining of pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; also lines
cardiovascular and lymph channels, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, Bowman's Capsule, and Loops of
Henle
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔usually appear as high as they are wide; serves as lining
cells in conducting passageways (glandular ducts) or adapted to play a role in secretion and/or
, absorption; locations include ducts of many glands, kidney tubules (proximal and distal convoluted
tubules), thyroid follicles, and the free surface of the ovary
Simple Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔usually the cells are taller than they are wide;
associated with secretion (intestinal goblet cells, oviduct, and uterine secretory cells) and absorption
(intestinal absorptive cells); can be found lining ducts of glands, much of the digestive tract, small
bronchi and bronchioles, and portions of female reproductive tract (uterus and fallopian tubes)
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔despite apparently stratified or multilayered
appearance, all cells rest on BM; appears stratified because not all cells reach the free surface, and cells
appear crowded due to varying cellular shapes; may be ciliated; nuclei are stratified; this epithelium has
lining, secretory, and absorptive roles; locations include Eustachian tubes and part of middle ear,
respiratory passages, portions of male and female urethra, and goblet cells
Stratified Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔two or more layers of cells; only the basal (lower most) layer
rests on BM; epithelium can be distinguished by outer most layer; they are largely protecting areas
subject to wear, tear, and stress
Keratinized Squamous Epithelia - correct answer ✔✔also called cutaneous type; surface layers are dead
anucleate; well-adapted to physical insults, and covers the entire exposed surfaces of the body; example
is skin
Non-Keratinized Squamous Epithelia - correct answer ✔✔also called mucous type; surface cells contain
nuclei, but lack keratin; cover surfaces of moist cavities or orifices that open into body surfaces such as
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, vagina, or urethra; functions as secretory epithelium, lubricating the body
surfaces with mucus
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔very limited distribution; usually two layers found,
found in large glandular ducts like cystic duct, salivary glands, sweat gland ducts, and granulosa cells of
the ovarian follicle
Stratified Columnar Epithelium - correct answer ✔✔also limited distribution; functions as a lining in
major ducts or regions of epithelial transitions, being interposed between two other varieties; found in
portions of larynx and pharynx, and portions of male urethra
