BIS 2B fin Lab Practical exam study guide correct (verified A+)

BIS 2B fin Lab Practical exam study guide correct (verified A+) BIS 2B fin Lab Practical exam study guide correct (verified A+) BIS 2B fin Lab Practical exam study guide correct (verified A+) sample of portion of region that represents a larger overall area - correct answers-Representative Sample Two common sampling schemes - correct answers-Transect Quadrat biologist run a line through a habitat and every organism found within a fixed distance from he line is recorded - correct answers-transect sample habitat divided into rectangles and certain number of rectangles are randomly selected for sampling - correct answers-Quadrat Why would you use transect/quadrat to collect data instead of dividing habitat into quarters? - correct answers--You'd probably miss things -Randomization (eliminated bias) number of species in an area - correct answers-Relative Abundance how many individuals of each species are present - correct answers-Species Evenness diversity index taking into account species richness and evenness - correct answers-True Diversity Index How to calculate true diversity index? - correct answers--Take number of individuals of a type of species and divide by total number of individuals. (ex 4 lady beetles, 16 insects total, 4/16= .25) -Raise that Pi value to the negative of itself -Repeat for each species and multiply the values D= [ p1^(-p1) ] x [ p2^(-p2) ] x ... What is the highest possible diversity index value? - correct answers-# equal to the number of different species recorded What is the lowest possible diversity index value? - correct answers-1 If your rarefaction curve does not level off what does this mean? - correct answers-You are still discovering species and need to continue sampling What do ALL organisms need? - correct answers-Source of energy and carbon self-feeding organisms - correct answers-autotrophs organisms that feed on other organisms for a source of carbon & other building blocks - correct answers-heterotroph pigments which capture light in the chloroplast of plants to produce ATP - correct answers-Chlorophyll storage molecule for energy - correct answers-ATP -provides energy to combine carbon w/ other building blocks to make carbs Where do the light reactions (creates ATP) take place? - correct answers-thylakoid membrane of chloroplast Where does the Calvin cycle (creates glucose) take place? - correct answers-stroma of the chloroplast What organisms use photosynthesis? - correct answers--Plants -Algae -Single-celled eukaryotes -Cyanobacteria -some prokaryotes type of autotrophy that uses CO2 as a carbon source and light for ATP production - correct answers-Photoautotrophy type of autotrophy that uses CO2 as a carbon source and breaks chemical bonds in substances like H2S, NH3, and CH4 to derive energy - correct answers-Chemoautotrophy What organisms use heterotrophy? - correct answers--Animals -Fungi -Single-celled eukas -Most prokaryotes digestion in the gut cavity is a ____ process - correct answers-extracellular digestion (takes place outside of cells) breakdown of food after it has been absorbed by cells of gut - correct answers-Intracellular Digestion process of building new compounds - correct answers-Biosynthesis Where does cellular respiration occur? - correct answers-mitochondria What is the final electron acceptor in respiration? - correct answers-Oxygen organisms that absorb nutrients from dead organisms or biological waste products - correct answers-Decomposers/saprobes organisms that collect nutrients from living hosts - correct answers-Parasites Why are fungi biotrophs and not parasites? - correct answers-They do not live inside host cell If fungi cause disease they are known as... - correct answers-pathogen If fungi can absorb simple compounds like sugars or AA directly through their cell wall, why do they need to excrete enzymes onto their food - correct answers-Complex foods like polysaccarides are too complex to be absorbed and need to be broken down When do fungi digest their food? - correct answers-Before they ingest it What structures are only found in plants? - correct answers-Chloroplast What structures are only found in animals? - correct answers-Not 1 organelle specialized to only animals What structures are only found in fungi? - correct answers-Not 1 organelle specialized to only fungi structure that provides rigid cellular support - correct answers-cell wall structure that is a flexible boundary - correct answers-plasma membrane What can oxygen diffuse across? - correct answers-Wet cell membrane true or false: One organelle found in many photoatutrophs but not heterotrophs i mitochondria - correct answers-False Where is oxygen absorbed in human body? - correct answers-Lungs what carries oxygen throughout the body? - correct answers-Blood Why does pH change in aquatic environments while photosynthesis occurs? - correct answers-CO2 reacts with water and produces H+ ions. The more CO2, the more H+ ions. Photosynthesis removes CO2 which decreases h+ ions and increases pH In lab 4 how do we assess the relative survival and reproductive value of the Brassica (green or yellow-green plants) - correct answers-How many offspring of each parental plant genotype will survive long enough to produce grandchildren the number of an individual's offspring that survive to reproduce in comparison to the population average - correct answers-Relative fitness In lab 4 why did we use plant growth, height, flower number, flower size, etc. as proxy for relative fitness? - correct answers-There's not enough time in lab to wait for a generation to reproduce and then wait for their offspring to reproduce so we use these characteristics that contribute to fitness instead What does it mean when an individual is modular? - correct answers-Multiple Individuals connected (colonial) Early colonizers of a region tend to be (r or k selected) - correct answers-R selected because they grow fast, reproduce at young age, and have many offspring Why are there more K selected species in later succession? - correct answers-They take longer to grow and reach age of reproduction but once they do, they are longer lived and better competitors Which statements are accurate? A. all plants need oxygen B. most plants need carbon dioxide C. most animals need oxygen D. most animals need carbon E. N2 gas is easily fixed by most organisms F. Most of the carbon in the food you eat originates from CO2Choice 7 of 10:E. Phosphorous, carbon, and hydrogen are not needed for nucleic acids F. fungi are autotrophs G. fungi can be parasites, and thus are heterotrophs - correct answers-A B C F G What is the function of leaves of plant? - correct answers-Absorbing sunlight (photosynthesis) What is function of roots? - correct answers-Taking up water and nutrients/minerals If a plant has a lot of shoots and small amount of roots it has a ______ root to shoot ratio - correct answers-low True/False: A population is defined as all of the individuals living at the same location at the same time. - correct answers-False What is the best way to define a population? - correct answers-A population is a SINGLE SPECIES all living at same location at same time True/False: Founder populations start out small and thus likely will result in this new population's genotype frequencies not matching our null expectation. - correct answers-True Why is the null hypothesis important? - correct answers-It shows no difference between two things, so there is no need to research in future What is the Null Hypothesis for evolution? - correct answers-No evolution is occurring (HWE) Habitat A has diversity index of 20 and Habitat B has diversity index of 2. This indicates... - correct answers-Habitat A has higher species richness and evenness than B think about the logistic population growth model: at relatively low densities we expect the finite rate of increase to be _____ than 1, and at carrying capacity we expect the finite rate of increase to be _____ 1. - correct answers-greater than 1 equal to 1 How is species richness accounted for in the Diversity Index equation? - correct answers-Number of terms multiplied by one another p1, p2, p3... how many p's you have How is species eveness accounted for in the Diversity Index equation? - correct answers-The proportions of the terms (proportion of species 1, proportion of species 2...) Populations with less food will grow more slowly over a 50 day time period than populations with more food over that same time perio