CONS 340 final exam Questions With Complete Solutions
a good map tells a Correct Answer story
a table is a relation if (6) Correct Answer 1. unique name for
each attribute
2. order of columns irrelevant
3. single valued attributes, no repeats
4. entries in column of same kind
5. row order irrelevant
6. each row unique
active vs. passive remote sensing Correct Answer - active: RS
emits energy (weather/ sun independent, penetrates veg and soil,
but power low, no spectral signatures, complicated and costly
analysis) (LiDAR, RADAR, SONAR)
- passive: RS uses sunlight reflected off earth as energy
affine transformations Correct Answer - horizontal integration
tool based on polynomials
- when you have access to map but no access to map data
- georegister the map, digitize features, apply transformation
- differential scaling, skew, rotation, translation
almanac Correct Answer info GPS satellites broadcast about all
other satellites
arithmetic operations Correct Answer +, -, *, /
aspect Correct Answer compass directions ranging from 0-360
,boolean operations Correct Answer AND, OR, NOT, XOR
boolean operators Correct Answer given 1 + 3 = 2
AND: 2
OR: 1, 2, 3
XOR: 1, 3
1 NOT 3: 1
brief history of GIS in Canada Correct Answer - 1960's wanted
to map agriculture & forestry potential of land
- Canada GIS created (world's first)
- 1970's National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as standard
for environmental assessment (US)
- Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS): open source
vector GIS (US)
- 1980s Geographic Resources Analysis Support System
(GRASS): computerized GIS for raster and vector data (first)
(US)
buffer Correct Answer - proximity analysis tool
- polygon created around a feature using specified distance from
feature
- buffer then dissolve, usually
candidate key Correct Answer single field or least combo of
fields that uniquely identifies each tuple in relation (one or more
per relation) (one field may not be unique on its own but unique
when combined with another)
, capability vs. suitability modelling Correct Answer -
capability: identifies whether or not area/ feature could support
activity (binary: 0 or 1, capable or incapable)
- suitability: identifies relative abilities of capable areas/ features
to support activity (0-100, less or more suitable)
cardinality Correct Answer how many relationships exist
between occurrences of entities on either side of relationship
- one-to-one
- many-to-many
- many-to-one
- many-to-many
cartogram Correct Answer size of area varies based on the
values assigned to each area
cartographic modelling Correct Answer set of interacting,
ordered map operations that act on raw, intermediate and
derived data to simulate spatial decision making processes
(model builder)
1. derivative modelling
2. process or systems modelling
cascading errors Correct Answer repeated propagation goes
unchecked
chloropleth map Correct Answer units shaded according to
value of theme
clip Correct Answer - overlay tool with no attribute transfer
a good map tells a Correct Answer story
a table is a relation if (6) Correct Answer 1. unique name for
each attribute
2. order of columns irrelevant
3. single valued attributes, no repeats
4. entries in column of same kind
5. row order irrelevant
6. each row unique
active vs. passive remote sensing Correct Answer - active: RS
emits energy (weather/ sun independent, penetrates veg and soil,
but power low, no spectral signatures, complicated and costly
analysis) (LiDAR, RADAR, SONAR)
- passive: RS uses sunlight reflected off earth as energy
affine transformations Correct Answer - horizontal integration
tool based on polynomials
- when you have access to map but no access to map data
- georegister the map, digitize features, apply transformation
- differential scaling, skew, rotation, translation
almanac Correct Answer info GPS satellites broadcast about all
other satellites
arithmetic operations Correct Answer +, -, *, /
aspect Correct Answer compass directions ranging from 0-360
,boolean operations Correct Answer AND, OR, NOT, XOR
boolean operators Correct Answer given 1 + 3 = 2
AND: 2
OR: 1, 2, 3
XOR: 1, 3
1 NOT 3: 1
brief history of GIS in Canada Correct Answer - 1960's wanted
to map agriculture & forestry potential of land
- Canada GIS created (world's first)
- 1970's National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) as standard
for environmental assessment (US)
- Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS): open source
vector GIS (US)
- 1980s Geographic Resources Analysis Support System
(GRASS): computerized GIS for raster and vector data (first)
(US)
buffer Correct Answer - proximity analysis tool
- polygon created around a feature using specified distance from
feature
- buffer then dissolve, usually
candidate key Correct Answer single field or least combo of
fields that uniquely identifies each tuple in relation (one or more
per relation) (one field may not be unique on its own but unique
when combined with another)
, capability vs. suitability modelling Correct Answer -
capability: identifies whether or not area/ feature could support
activity (binary: 0 or 1, capable or incapable)
- suitability: identifies relative abilities of capable areas/ features
to support activity (0-100, less or more suitable)
cardinality Correct Answer how many relationships exist
between occurrences of entities on either side of relationship
- one-to-one
- many-to-many
- many-to-one
- many-to-many
cartogram Correct Answer size of area varies based on the
values assigned to each area
cartographic modelling Correct Answer set of interacting,
ordered map operations that act on raw, intermediate and
derived data to simulate spatial decision making processes
(model builder)
1. derivative modelling
2. process or systems modelling
cascading errors Correct Answer repeated propagation goes
unchecked
chloropleth map Correct Answer units shaded according to
value of theme
clip Correct Answer - overlay tool with no attribute transfer
