ENDOCRINE SYSTEM HESI EXIT EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
At 4:30 PM, a client who is receiving human insulin (Humulin N) every
morning states, "I feel very nervous." The nurse observes that the client's
skin is moist and cool. What is the nurse's most accurate interpretation of
what the client is likely experiencing? - Correct Answer- Hypoglycemia
The nurse is performing an assessment and notes that the client has
exophthalmos and complains of double vision. These assessment findings
are found with which condition? - Correct Answer- Hyperthyroidism
A nurse notes that a client's urine has a sweet fruity odor. Which information
is most important to evaluate when performing a further client assessment? -
Correct Answer- Serum glucose level
During the early postoperative period after a subtotal thyroidectomy, the
nursing priority is to assess for: - Correct Answer- Airway obstruction
After assessing a client, a nurse concludes that the client may be
experiencing hyperglycemia. Which clinical findings commonly associated
with hyperglycemia support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. -
Correct Answer- Polyuria is excessive urination.
Polydipsia is excessive thirst Polyphagia is associated with the catabolic
state induced by insulin deficiency.
A nurse is reviewing the diagnostic blood tests of a client with a diagnosis of
type 1 diabetes. Which laboratory results support the nurse's suspicion that
the client is experiencing ketoacidosis? - Correct Answer- Blood glucose of
300 mg/100 mL, blood pH of 7.20
A client with history of multiple chronic illnesses comes to the emergency
department (ED) complaining of a small progressive weight loss over the last
month and feeling lethargic and thirsty all the time. The client's vital signs
are blood pressure (BP) 118/78 mm Hg, oral temperature 99.6º F, pulse 72
,beats per minute and regular, and respirations 22 breaths per minute and
irregular. The nurse reviews the assessment findings and the client's medical
record. What condition does the nurse conclude the client is experiencing? -
Correct Answer- Hyperglycemia
A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and surgery is scheduled because
the client refuses ablation therapy. While awaiting the surgical date, the
nurse plans to instruct the client to: - Correct Answer- Eliminate coffee, tea,
and cola from the diet
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes, and the health care
provider prescribes one tube of glucose gel. What is the primary reason for
the administration of glucose gel to this client? - Correct Answer- Insulin-
induced hypoglycemia
A client with type 2 diabetes, who is taking an oral hypoglycemic agent, is to
have a serum glucose test early in the morning. The client asks the nurse,
"What do I have to do to prepare for this test?" Which statement by the
nurse reflects accurate information? - Correct Answer- "Do not ingest
anything before the test."
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes who has
developed diabetic coma. Which element excessively accumulates in the
blood to precipitate the signs and symptoms associated with this condition? -
Correct Answer- Ketones as a result of rapid fat breakdown, causing acidosis
A nurse prepares to administer metformin (Glucophage XR) to an older adult
who has asked that it be crushed because it is difficult to swallow. The nurse
explains that this drug cannot be crushed because it: - Correct Answer- Is
released slowly
A client is scheduled for an adrenalectomy. Which nursing intervention
should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client? - Correct
Answer- Administer intravenous (IV) steroids.
A urine specimen is needed to test for the presence of ketones in a client
who is diabetic. What should the nurse do when collecting this specimen
from a urinary retention catheter? - Correct Answer- Clamp the catheter,
cleanse the port, and use a sterile syringe to remove urine
,A health care provider writes prescriptions addressing the needs of a client
with Addison disease. Which outcome does the nurse conclude is the main
focus of treatment for this client? - Correct Answer- Restoration of electrolyte
balance
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When the
health care provider tries to regulate this client's insulin regimen, the client
experiences episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and 15 g of a
simple sugar is prescribed. What is the reason this is administered when a
client experiences hypoglycemia? - Correct Answer- Increases blood glucose
levels
A client's parathyroid glands are removed. What clinical manifestation is
indicative of the fluid and electrolyte imbalance associated with this surgery?
- Correct Answer- Muscle spasms
A client with diabetic ketoacidosis who is receiving intravenous fluids and
insulin reports tingling and numbness of the fingers and toes, and shortness
of breath. The nurse identifies a U wave on the cardiac monitor. What should
the nurse conclude is causing these clinical findings? - Correct Answer-
Hypokalemia
What should a nurse do immediately when a client returns from the post
anesthesia care unit following a subtotal thyroidectomy? - Correct Answer-
Place a tracheostomy set at the bedside
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a bilateral adrenalectomy.
Which medication should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client on
the day of surgery and in the immediate postoperative period? - Correct
Answer- Hydrocortisone succinate
The nurse is caring for the client post transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. In
assessing the client, it is noted that the client is exhibiting clear drainage
from the nares. The nurse recalls this could indicate: - Correct Answer- A
cerebral spinal fluid leak from an opening to the brain.
A client with cancer of the thyroid is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. What
should the nurse teach the client? - Correct Answer- Thyroxine replacement
therapy will be required indefinitely.
, A client, visiting the health center, reports feeling nervous, irritable, and
extremely tired. The client says to the nurse, "Although I eat a lot of food, I
have frequent bouts of diarrhea and am losing weight." The nurse observes a
fine hand tremor, an exaggerated reaction to external stimuli, and a wide-
eyed expression. What laboratory tests may be prescribed to determine the
cause of these signs and symptoms? - Correct Answer- T3, T4, and thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH)
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes. Which task can be delegated to
the unlicensed assistant personnel (UAP)? - Correct Answer- Obtain a blood
glucose by finger stick
A nurse is caring for a client with Addison disease. Which information should
the nurse include in a teaching plan as a means of encouraging this client to
modify dietary intake? - Correct Answer- Extra salt is needed to replace the
amount being lost caused by lack of sufficient aldosterone to conserve
sodium.
A client with hyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine to ablate
thyroid tissue. What should the nurse instruct the client to do after the
procedure? - Correct Answer- Avoid holding an infant.
A nurse is caring for a client who just had a thyroidectomy. For which client
response should the nurse assess the client when concerned about an
accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery? - Correct
Answer- Tetany
A client who was diagnosed recently with type 1 diabetes states, "I feel bad. I
don't think I even want to go home. My spouse doesn't care about my
diabetes." What is the most appropriate nursing response? - Correct Answer-
Tetany
A client who was diagnosed recently with type 1 diabetes states, "I feel bad. I
don't think I even want to go home. My spouse doesn't care about my
diabetes." What is the most appropriate nursing response? - Correct Answer-
C
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus that is scheduled to
receive an intravenous (IV) administration of 25 units of insulin in 250 mL
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
At 4:30 PM, a client who is receiving human insulin (Humulin N) every
morning states, "I feel very nervous." The nurse observes that the client's
skin is moist and cool. What is the nurse's most accurate interpretation of
what the client is likely experiencing? - Correct Answer- Hypoglycemia
The nurse is performing an assessment and notes that the client has
exophthalmos and complains of double vision. These assessment findings
are found with which condition? - Correct Answer- Hyperthyroidism
A nurse notes that a client's urine has a sweet fruity odor. Which information
is most important to evaluate when performing a further client assessment? -
Correct Answer- Serum glucose level
During the early postoperative period after a subtotal thyroidectomy, the
nursing priority is to assess for: - Correct Answer- Airway obstruction
After assessing a client, a nurse concludes that the client may be
experiencing hyperglycemia. Which clinical findings commonly associated
with hyperglycemia support the nurse's conclusion? Select all that apply. -
Correct Answer- Polyuria is excessive urination.
Polydipsia is excessive thirst Polyphagia is associated with the catabolic
state induced by insulin deficiency.
A nurse is reviewing the diagnostic blood tests of a client with a diagnosis of
type 1 diabetes. Which laboratory results support the nurse's suspicion that
the client is experiencing ketoacidosis? - Correct Answer- Blood glucose of
300 mg/100 mL, blood pH of 7.20
A client with history of multiple chronic illnesses comes to the emergency
department (ED) complaining of a small progressive weight loss over the last
month and feeling lethargic and thirsty all the time. The client's vital signs
are blood pressure (BP) 118/78 mm Hg, oral temperature 99.6º F, pulse 72
,beats per minute and regular, and respirations 22 breaths per minute and
irregular. The nurse reviews the assessment findings and the client's medical
record. What condition does the nurse conclude the client is experiencing? -
Correct Answer- Hyperglycemia
A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and surgery is scheduled because
the client refuses ablation therapy. While awaiting the surgical date, the
nurse plans to instruct the client to: - Correct Answer- Eliminate coffee, tea,
and cola from the diet
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes, and the health care
provider prescribes one tube of glucose gel. What is the primary reason for
the administration of glucose gel to this client? - Correct Answer- Insulin-
induced hypoglycemia
A client with type 2 diabetes, who is taking an oral hypoglycemic agent, is to
have a serum glucose test early in the morning. The client asks the nurse,
"What do I have to do to prepare for this test?" Which statement by the
nurse reflects accurate information? - Correct Answer- "Do not ingest
anything before the test."
A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes who has
developed diabetic coma. Which element excessively accumulates in the
blood to precipitate the signs and symptoms associated with this condition? -
Correct Answer- Ketones as a result of rapid fat breakdown, causing acidosis
A nurse prepares to administer metformin (Glucophage XR) to an older adult
who has asked that it be crushed because it is difficult to swallow. The nurse
explains that this drug cannot be crushed because it: - Correct Answer- Is
released slowly
A client is scheduled for an adrenalectomy. Which nursing intervention
should the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for this client? - Correct
Answer- Administer intravenous (IV) steroids.
A urine specimen is needed to test for the presence of ketones in a client
who is diabetic. What should the nurse do when collecting this specimen
from a urinary retention catheter? - Correct Answer- Clamp the catheter,
cleanse the port, and use a sterile syringe to remove urine
,A health care provider writes prescriptions addressing the needs of a client
with Addison disease. Which outcome does the nurse conclude is the main
focus of treatment for this client? - Correct Answer- Restoration of electrolyte
balance
A nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When the
health care provider tries to regulate this client's insulin regimen, the client
experiences episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, and 15 g of a
simple sugar is prescribed. What is the reason this is administered when a
client experiences hypoglycemia? - Correct Answer- Increases blood glucose
levels
A client's parathyroid glands are removed. What clinical manifestation is
indicative of the fluid and electrolyte imbalance associated with this surgery?
- Correct Answer- Muscle spasms
A client with diabetic ketoacidosis who is receiving intravenous fluids and
insulin reports tingling and numbness of the fingers and toes, and shortness
of breath. The nurse identifies a U wave on the cardiac monitor. What should
the nurse conclude is causing these clinical findings? - Correct Answer-
Hypokalemia
What should a nurse do immediately when a client returns from the post
anesthesia care unit following a subtotal thyroidectomy? - Correct Answer-
Place a tracheostomy set at the bedside
A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a bilateral adrenalectomy.
Which medication should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this client on
the day of surgery and in the immediate postoperative period? - Correct
Answer- Hydrocortisone succinate
The nurse is caring for the client post transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. In
assessing the client, it is noted that the client is exhibiting clear drainage
from the nares. The nurse recalls this could indicate: - Correct Answer- A
cerebral spinal fluid leak from an opening to the brain.
A client with cancer of the thyroid is scheduled for a thyroidectomy. What
should the nurse teach the client? - Correct Answer- Thyroxine replacement
therapy will be required indefinitely.
, A client, visiting the health center, reports feeling nervous, irritable, and
extremely tired. The client says to the nurse, "Although I eat a lot of food, I
have frequent bouts of diarrhea and am losing weight." The nurse observes a
fine hand tremor, an exaggerated reaction to external stimuli, and a wide-
eyed expression. What laboratory tests may be prescribed to determine the
cause of these signs and symptoms? - Correct Answer- T3, T4, and thyroid-
stimulating hormone (TSH)
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes. Which task can be delegated to
the unlicensed assistant personnel (UAP)? - Correct Answer- Obtain a blood
glucose by finger stick
A nurse is caring for a client with Addison disease. Which information should
the nurse include in a teaching plan as a means of encouraging this client to
modify dietary intake? - Correct Answer- Extra salt is needed to replace the
amount being lost caused by lack of sufficient aldosterone to conserve
sodium.
A client with hyperthyroidism is treated with radioactive iodine to ablate
thyroid tissue. What should the nurse instruct the client to do after the
procedure? - Correct Answer- Avoid holding an infant.
A nurse is caring for a client who just had a thyroidectomy. For which client
response should the nurse assess the client when concerned about an
accidental removal of the parathyroid glands during surgery? - Correct
Answer- Tetany
A client who was diagnosed recently with type 1 diabetes states, "I feel bad. I
don't think I even want to go home. My spouse doesn't care about my
diabetes." What is the most appropriate nursing response? - Correct Answer-
Tetany
A client who was diagnosed recently with type 1 diabetes states, "I feel bad. I
don't think I even want to go home. My spouse doesn't care about my
diabetes." What is the most appropriate nursing response? - Correct Answer-
C
The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus that is scheduled to
receive an intravenous (IV) administration of 25 units of insulin in 250 mL
