BSC 197 Exam 2 2024/2025 fully solved &
updated
mitochondria and chloroplasts - ANSWER-power providers of cell.
membrane bound organelle
contain their own dna
Endosymbiont theory - ANSWER-chloroplasts and mitochondria have evolved
directly from bacteria that were internalized into another prokaryotic cell.
Involved new mutualistic relationship
Symbiosis - ANSWER-living together & can take multiple forms
Mutualism - ANSWER-both parties benefit
Commenalism - ANSWER-one party benefits with little to no effect on other
Parasitism - ANSWER-One party benefits at the expense of another.
Mitochondrial structure overall - ANSWER-responsible for respiration.
reactions are membrane associated
maximized membrane structure
proteins are bound to inner membrane
double membrane + aqueous compartment in between
fluid in mitochondria - ANSWER-matrix
Chloroplast structure - ANSWER-double membrane with space in between
additional membranes - thylakoids
, thylakoids - ANSWER-3rd membrane, stores chlorophyll
Stroma - ANSWER-fluid surrounding thylakoid in chloroplast
cellular respiration - ANSWER-obtain energy from degradation of sugars
use oxygen to produce CO2
complement process of photosynthesis
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - ANSWER-Type of reaction when an electron is
transferred from one atom to another
Reducing agent - ANSWER-electron donor
oxidizing agent - ANSWER-electron acceptor
Reduction - ANSWER-Addition of electron
What happens when electrons are transferred to lower energy state molecules -
ANSWER-Energy is released
cellular respiration stages - ANSWER-Glycosis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric acid
cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.
products of cellular respiration - ANSWER-carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Glycolysis - ANSWER-glucose split into pyruvate.
Starts in cytoplasm (energy investment) ends in mitochondria (energy pay off)
Starts with 2 ATP and glucose, ends with 4 ATP and pyruvate
Citric Acid cycle - ANSWER-In matrix of mitochondria
produces 1 ATP per Acetyl-CoA
produces high energy electrons and CO2
electron transport chain - ANSWER-Takes place in cristae of mitochondria
Produced most ATP (32)
Gradient of H+ is formed outside of cristaes
updated
mitochondria and chloroplasts - ANSWER-power providers of cell.
membrane bound organelle
contain their own dna
Endosymbiont theory - ANSWER-chloroplasts and mitochondria have evolved
directly from bacteria that were internalized into another prokaryotic cell.
Involved new mutualistic relationship
Symbiosis - ANSWER-living together & can take multiple forms
Mutualism - ANSWER-both parties benefit
Commenalism - ANSWER-one party benefits with little to no effect on other
Parasitism - ANSWER-One party benefits at the expense of another.
Mitochondrial structure overall - ANSWER-responsible for respiration.
reactions are membrane associated
maximized membrane structure
proteins are bound to inner membrane
double membrane + aqueous compartment in between
fluid in mitochondria - ANSWER-matrix
Chloroplast structure - ANSWER-double membrane with space in between
additional membranes - thylakoids
, thylakoids - ANSWER-3rd membrane, stores chlorophyll
Stroma - ANSWER-fluid surrounding thylakoid in chloroplast
cellular respiration - ANSWER-obtain energy from degradation of sugars
use oxygen to produce CO2
complement process of photosynthesis
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions - ANSWER-Type of reaction when an electron is
transferred from one atom to another
Reducing agent - ANSWER-electron donor
oxidizing agent - ANSWER-electron acceptor
Reduction - ANSWER-Addition of electron
What happens when electrons are transferred to lower energy state molecules -
ANSWER-Energy is released
cellular respiration stages - ANSWER-Glycosis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric acid
cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.
products of cellular respiration - ANSWER-carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
Glycolysis - ANSWER-glucose split into pyruvate.
Starts in cytoplasm (energy investment) ends in mitochondria (energy pay off)
Starts with 2 ATP and glucose, ends with 4 ATP and pyruvate
Citric Acid cycle - ANSWER-In matrix of mitochondria
produces 1 ATP per Acetyl-CoA
produces high energy electrons and CO2
electron transport chain - ANSWER-Takes place in cristae of mitochondria
Produced most ATP (32)
Gradient of H+ is formed outside of cristaes
