Human Anatomy and Physiology Exam #1
Anatomy - ANS the study of the structure of an organism
Physiology - ANS the study of the functioning of an organism
Cytology - ANS the study of cells
Histology - ANS the study of tissues
Molecular Biology - ANS the study of biological molecules
Genetics - ANS The study of genes and inheritance
Microbiology - ANS the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes & protozoans
Embryology - ANS the study of the development of embryos
Pathology - ANS the study of the progression & effects of disease within an organism
Epidemiology - ANS the study of the transmission of disease between organism
Metabolism - ANS process of extracting and transforming energy
Energy - ANS the capacity to do work
Work - ANS a change in motion of matter
Properties of Life - ANS 1. Water
2. Metabolism
3. Absorption
4. Growth
5. Repair
6. Capacity for Independent Reproduction
7.Circulation
8. Excretion
9. Environmental Interaction/Adaptation
10. Movement
11. Cellular Structure
12. Chemical Uniqueness
Anabolic metabolism - ANS Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller
, Catabolic metabolism - ANS Reduction of larger molecules into smaller
Circulation - ANS moving raw materials in and out of body
Adaptation on Individual Level - ANS irritability (reaction to stimuli) homeostasis, heat & cold,
thirst
Adaptation on Species Level - ANS evolution of new forms, 24/7 changes in environment, gene
pool allows adaptation; otherwise there is extinction
Movement - ANS internal or external, e.g. sunflowers follow sun
Chemical Uniqueness - ANS Life forms produce macromolecules
nucleic acids - ANS composed of nucleotide subunits
Proteins - ANS Composed of amino acid subunits
Carbohydrate - ANS Composed of saccharide (sugars) subunits
Lipids - ANS Composed of fatty acid subunits
Disease - ANS the inability to return to the homeostatic range > constant inability results in
death
Homeostasis - ANS A dynamic state of equilibrium in which optimal parameters of the body are
maintained
Negative Feedback - ANS movement back towards the homeostatic set point
Positive Feedback - ANS Movement away from the homeostatic set point
Integumentary System - ANS Thermoregulation, sensory, interface w/ environment, vitamin D
synthesis
Skeletal System - ANS Organ protection, muscle attachment, blood production, mineral storage
Muscle System - ANS Movement, thermoregulation, posture, venous circulation
Cardiovascular System - ANS Pump and transport blood, nutrients, hormones and gases,
thermoregulation
Lymphatic System - ANS Interstitial fluid return, immunity, transport of fatty molecules
Anatomy - ANS the study of the structure of an organism
Physiology - ANS the study of the functioning of an organism
Cytology - ANS the study of cells
Histology - ANS the study of tissues
Molecular Biology - ANS the study of biological molecules
Genetics - ANS The study of genes and inheritance
Microbiology - ANS the study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes & protozoans
Embryology - ANS the study of the development of embryos
Pathology - ANS the study of the progression & effects of disease within an organism
Epidemiology - ANS the study of the transmission of disease between organism
Metabolism - ANS process of extracting and transforming energy
Energy - ANS the capacity to do work
Work - ANS a change in motion of matter
Properties of Life - ANS 1. Water
2. Metabolism
3. Absorption
4. Growth
5. Repair
6. Capacity for Independent Reproduction
7.Circulation
8. Excretion
9. Environmental Interaction/Adaptation
10. Movement
11. Cellular Structure
12. Chemical Uniqueness
Anabolic metabolism - ANS Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller
, Catabolic metabolism - ANS Reduction of larger molecules into smaller
Circulation - ANS moving raw materials in and out of body
Adaptation on Individual Level - ANS irritability (reaction to stimuli) homeostasis, heat & cold,
thirst
Adaptation on Species Level - ANS evolution of new forms, 24/7 changes in environment, gene
pool allows adaptation; otherwise there is extinction
Movement - ANS internal or external, e.g. sunflowers follow sun
Chemical Uniqueness - ANS Life forms produce macromolecules
nucleic acids - ANS composed of nucleotide subunits
Proteins - ANS Composed of amino acid subunits
Carbohydrate - ANS Composed of saccharide (sugars) subunits
Lipids - ANS Composed of fatty acid subunits
Disease - ANS the inability to return to the homeostatic range > constant inability results in
death
Homeostasis - ANS A dynamic state of equilibrium in which optimal parameters of the body are
maintained
Negative Feedback - ANS movement back towards the homeostatic set point
Positive Feedback - ANS Movement away from the homeostatic set point
Integumentary System - ANS Thermoregulation, sensory, interface w/ environment, vitamin D
synthesis
Skeletal System - ANS Organ protection, muscle attachment, blood production, mineral storage
Muscle System - ANS Movement, thermoregulation, posture, venous circulation
Cardiovascular System - ANS Pump and transport blood, nutrients, hormones and gases,
thermoregulation
Lymphatic System - ANS Interstitial fluid return, immunity, transport of fatty molecules
