1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
ONS Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy Certificate
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
3 major phases of cell division:
→ Interphase
→ Mitotic phase
→ Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase:
→ First growth phase (G1)
→ Synthesis phase (S phase)
→ Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis:
→ Prophase
→ Metaphase
→ Anaphase
→ Telophase
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Innate immunity:
→ Non-specific response, either:
→ 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
→ 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity:
→ Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity,
including:
→ 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
→ 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
→ 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations
→ Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment:
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
→ Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy
→ Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy
→ Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment
to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy
→ Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies:
→ Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Define dose density
→ Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity
→ Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
→ By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to
the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work?
→ By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
→ 1. Nitrogen mustards
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
ONS Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy Certificate
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
3 major phases of cell division:
→ Interphase
→ Mitotic phase
→ Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase:
→ First growth phase (G1)
→ Synthesis phase (S phase)
→ Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis:
→ Prophase
→ Metaphase
→ Anaphase
→ Telophase
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Innate immunity:
→ Non-specific response, either:
→ 1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
→ 2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
Adaptive immunity:
→ Follows innate immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity,
including:
→ 1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
→ 2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
→ 3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations
→ Variations in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment:
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
→ Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy
→ Treatment is given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy
→ Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment
to lower the risk that the cancer reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy
→ Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies:
→ Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
Define dose density
→ Drug dose per unit of time
Define dose intensity
→ Amount of drug delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated?
→ By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to
the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work?
→ By causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with
DNA replication and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents:
→ 1. Nitrogen mustards
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
