Psych 111 - Exam 1 Sample Questions With Complete Solutions |verified 100 % correct

Psych 111 - Exam 1 Sample Questions With Complete Solutions |verified 100 % correct What are the four goals of psychology? - ANSWER • Describe how people and animals behave • Understand and explain the causes of behavior • Predict behaviors/reactions across situations • Control behavior through understanding its causes and consequences Bullying: empathy training early What is psychology? - ANSWER The scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Identified the role of unconscious forces that determine thoughts, feelings and behavior • Personality is dependent on early life experiences • Drives and motivations conflict leading to compromises (defense mechanisms, symptoms) • Focus on sexual and aggressive impulses What did Flourens and Broca do? - ANSWER • Linked mind and behavior • Showed that damage to the brain can result in impariments of behavior and mental function What is consciousness? - ANSWER • A person's subjective experience of the world and mind What is structuralism? - ANSWER • The relationship between the basic elements that constitute the mind • Introspection: Subjective observation of one's own experience/feelings • Structure of mental processes - Elements of consciousness/moments of consciousness What did Titchener do? - ANSWER • Brought Structuralism to the US • Relied on the identification of the basic elements What did William James do? - ANSWER • Built on the principles of introspection and the study of conscious experiences, but focuses on WHY and the adaptive reasons for what and how we perceive the real world • Natural selection • Functionalism What is functionalism? - ANSWER • The study of the function or purpose conscious mental processes serve in enabling people to adapt to their environment • We can't divide our memory that well but we think we can What does psychology reflect the influences of? - ANSWER • Biological processes • Individual differences (gender, pain) • Time and culture (we continue to learn more) Who do many psychologists focus on for studies? - ANSWER Patients with psychological disorders to understand human behavior Who influenced the Psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER Sigmund Freud What is the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Identified the role of unconscious forces that determine thoughts, feelings and behavior • Personality is dependent on early life experiences • Drives and motivations conflict leading to compromises (defense mechanisms, symptoms) • Focus on sexual and aggressive impulses What did Wilhelm Wundt establish? - ANSWER • The first psychological lab in Leipzig, Germany • Taught first class in psych What did Wundt study? - ANSWER • Consciousness • Structuralism What is the theory behind the psychoanalytic perspective? - ANSWER • Unconscious mental processes shape feelings, thoughts, and behaviors • They would make us uncomfortable if we knew them What is a Freudian Slip? - ANSWER • Elements of unconscious processing according to this perspective • Supposed to be unconscious but it comes out into the conscious • We are not in charge of our unconscious What is the Humanistic perspective? - ANSWER • Said psychoanalytic perspective is too pessimistic • Stresses positive potential of all humans • Believes in free will • Posits and inherit drive to develop and reach full potential What is the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER • Focus on observable behavioral responses • Doesn't study mental life at all • Emphasizes the environmental impact on a person's actions • Predict and control behavior in ways that benefit society Who created the behaviorist perspective? - ANSWER Watson Who did classical conditioning/what is it? - ANSWER • Pavlov and Watson • Associative learning pairing stimuli and response • Footsteps make dogs drool Who created operative conditioning? - ANSWER Skinner What is operative conditioning? - ANSWER • Focuses on behaviorist perspective • Explores reinforcement and punishment as determinants of behavior • Rewarded for something: increased likelihood you'll repeat the behavior • Punished: won't repeat behavior What is social learning theory? By who? - ANSWER • By Bandura • Behavior is influenced by the observation of others What is the cognitive perspective? - ANSWER • How one thinks affects behavior and responses • Studies the mental processes involved in knowing • Explores how one understands and then thinks about solving problems • Storage and retrieval of information • Mind is like a computer • How to pay attention to many things at once What is the Biological/Biopsychological Perspective and cognitive neuroscience - ANSWER • Understands the mind and behavior through biological processes in the brain • Explores the electrical and chemical processes of neurons affecting mood, perception, cognition and behavior • Birth defects/damage hurts the brain and affects ability • Localization of function (Phineas Gage) What is evolutionary psych? - ANSWER • Understands mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive selection of traits and functions over time • Seeks to understand a variety of research findings within this theoretical framework • Feel nausea faster with smell than with vision What is developmental psych? - ANSWER • Explores universal aspects of physical, cognitive and socio-emotional development across the lifespan • Identifies variations in development across experience What is social psych? - ANSWER • Individual and group behaviors and responses across situations • Causes and consequences