Archaeology and Physical Anthropology
Exam 2
Derived vs. ancestral traits - correct answer ✔✔Derived trait- Newly evolved traits that don't appear in
fossils of common ancestors
-a feature that defines/lead to the branching of the group
e.g. mammary glands for mammals are a derived trait
Ancestral trait- A more primitive trait shared by all members of a group through a common ancestor.
-trait predates branching point for a group
e.g. mammary glands for mammals are a derived trait but mammary glands in humans are an ancestral
trait
e.g for vertebrates, having a spine is a derived trait but for mammals having a spine is an ancestral trait
Nails and tactile finger pads - correct answer ✔✔
Post-orbital bar/closure - correct answer ✔✔
Clavicle - correct answer ✔✔
Dominance hierarchy - correct answer ✔✔rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a
group
anthropoid - correct answer ✔✔humanlike
Hominoids - correct answer ✔✔A term that refers to great apes and humans
, Food sharing - correct answer ✔✔kin-based/other roles
Phylogeny - correct answer ✔✔Evolutionary history of a species
Order - correct answer ✔✔in classification, a group of closely related families
Family - correct answer ✔✔in classification, group of similar genera
Genus - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar species
Species - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Locomotion - correct answer ✔✔the ability to move from place to place
Bipedalism - correct answer ✔✔the ability to walk upright on two legs
Brachiation - correct answer ✔✔a method of movement that uses the arms to swing from branch to
branch
Quadruped - correct answer ✔✔a four-footed creature
Arboreal hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔the proposition that primates' unique suite of traits is an
adaptation to living in trees
Visual predation hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔the proposition that unique primate traits arose as
adaptations to preying on insects and on small animals
Fine branch niche - correct answer ✔✔adaptations of toes and hands for finer branches
Exam 2
Derived vs. ancestral traits - correct answer ✔✔Derived trait- Newly evolved traits that don't appear in
fossils of common ancestors
-a feature that defines/lead to the branching of the group
e.g. mammary glands for mammals are a derived trait
Ancestral trait- A more primitive trait shared by all members of a group through a common ancestor.
-trait predates branching point for a group
e.g. mammary glands for mammals are a derived trait but mammary glands in humans are an ancestral
trait
e.g for vertebrates, having a spine is a derived trait but for mammals having a spine is an ancestral trait
Nails and tactile finger pads - correct answer ✔✔
Post-orbital bar/closure - correct answer ✔✔
Clavicle - correct answer ✔✔
Dominance hierarchy - correct answer ✔✔rankings that represent the relative social power of those in a
group
anthropoid - correct answer ✔✔humanlike
Hominoids - correct answer ✔✔A term that refers to great apes and humans
, Food sharing - correct answer ✔✔kin-based/other roles
Phylogeny - correct answer ✔✔Evolutionary history of a species
Order - correct answer ✔✔in classification, a group of closely related families
Family - correct answer ✔✔in classification, group of similar genera
Genus - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar species
Species - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Locomotion - correct answer ✔✔the ability to move from place to place
Bipedalism - correct answer ✔✔the ability to walk upright on two legs
Brachiation - correct answer ✔✔a method of movement that uses the arms to swing from branch to
branch
Quadruped - correct answer ✔✔a four-footed creature
Arboreal hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔the proposition that primates' unique suite of traits is an
adaptation to living in trees
Visual predation hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔the proposition that unique primate traits arose as
adaptations to preying on insects and on small animals
Fine branch niche - correct answer ✔✔adaptations of toes and hands for finer branches
