VERSION 2 EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS || GRADED A+
Risk Factors for Breast Cancer - ANSWER ✔ - Age
- Gender
- Personal and Family History
- Benign Breast Disease
- Genetic mutations of BRAC1 and BRAC2
- Increased tissue density
- Early Menarche & Late Menopause
- Nullparity
- HRT after menopause
- Late age when giving birth
- Radiation exposure
- DES exposure in utero
- Alcohol use
- Diet
Age to begin mammograms - ANSWER ✔ 45 (get them annually until
55)
Breast Self Exam - ANSWER ✔ Timing
7 to 10 days after LMP date
Pregnant and postmenopausal women should choose specific date
,Technique
Multiple positions
Look in mirror, while moving arms
Entire breast tissue examined
Use pads of fingers
Folder towel under shoulder
Peau d'orange - ANSWER ✔ - When breast has a spotty, orange texture
to it
- Sign of breast cancer
Palpation of Breast - ANSWER ✔ - If woman reports a problem, begin
with unaffected side first
- Gently palpate with 3/4 pads of fingers
- Do not lift fingers from breast
- Gently compress nipple between index finger and thumb
- 1 or 2 hands
Breast Cancer Mass Symptoms - ANSWER ✔ - Usually unilateral mass
- Irregular shape
- Poorly delineated from surrounding tissues
- Limited mobility, fixed to surrounding tissues
- Usually nontender
- Hard consistency
- Edema (peau d'orange)
- Skin erythemic, dimpling, retraction, ulceration
- Axillary lymphadenopathy
- Nipple discharge: bloody, clear
Endometrial Cancer Risk Factors - ANSWER ✔ - Age: over 40
- Early menarche/ late menopause
- Infertility (pg is protective)
- Personal history of ovarian or breast cancer
- Family hx of endometrial or breast cancer
,- Obesity/ high fat diet
- Taking tamoxifen
Endometrial Cancer Symptoms - ANSWER ✔ - Abnormal uterine
bleeding/ spotting
- Post-menopause
- Pelvic mass
- Weight loss without trying
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors - ANSWER ✔ - Human papilloma virus
(HPV)
- Never or rarely screened for cervical cancer
- Early age of 1st intercourse
- Multiple lifetime partners/ partners with multiple partners
- Smoking
- Low SES
- FH
- DES exposure
- Long-term use OCPs
- More than 3 term pregnancies
- Diet low in fruits/veggies
Cervical Cancer Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER ✔ - Abnormal
vaginal bleeding/ discharge
- Lesion on cervix
- Post-coital bleeding
- Dyspareunia
- Pelvic pain
Gardasil and Cervarix vaccines - ANSWER ✔ Cervical Cancer
Prevention
HPV - Human Papillomavirus - ANSWER ✔ - Common STI
, - Most people never even know they have HPV because virus usually
does not cause any symptoms and body is able to fight it off
- However, sometimes virus lingers in a woman's cervix and can cause
changes that may eventually lead to cervical cancer
- Remind women that obtaining vaccine does not mean they can forget
about routine pelvic examinations and Pap tests
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors - ANSWER ✔ - Age: after menopause
- Early menarche/ late menopause
- Infertility drugs
- Personal history/
- BRCA1 BRCA2
- Family history of ovarian or breast cancer
- Obesity
Variations in the Aging Patient - ANSWER ✔ - Calcified costal
cartilages
- Decreased mobility
- Muscle strength decreased
- Alveoli become less elastic (oxygen exchange decreases)
- Mucus membranes become drier
- Changes in anatomy lead to decreased vital capacity (amount of air you
can breathe in), and increased residual volume (air left in your lungs,
cant expire air out completely)
- Skeletal muscle changes that signal increased work of breathing
Kyphosis - ANSWER ✔ Back curved out
Lordosis - ANSWER ✔ Back Curved in
Pectus Excavatum - ANSWER ✔ - Caved in Ribs
- Congenital
Paectus Carinatum - ANSWER ✔ Extended Rib Cage