BNNS501 Second Exam With
Complete Solution
Accommodation - ANSWER change in the curvature of the lens to adjust to
distance of objects
anterior cavity - ANSWER Cavity anterior to the lens which is filled with
aqueous humor to nourish the lens and cornea
Binocular Vision - ANSWER Both eyes move to look at the same object
Choroid - ANSWER Part of the vascular layer which absorbs scattered light in
the eye and maintains a clear/sharp image.
Cones - ANSWER Photoreceptors that are specialised for sharp vision
Conjunctiva - ANSWER Thin protective mucous membrane that lines the
inner aspect of the eyelids
Convergence of eyes - ANSWER Medial movement of eyes to focus both eyes
on an object.
Cornea - ANSWER Transparent protective outer layer that covers the iris
fibrous tunic - ANSWER Outer tunic of the eye, contains the sclera and cornea
Fovea Centralis - ANSWER Cones-only area at the centre of the macula lutea
which is the area of highest visual resolution
Inner tunic - ANSWER Inside tunic that consists of the retina
iris - ANSWER Coloured portion of the eye which regulates the amount of
,light entering the eye.
Lacrimal Fluid - ANSWER The name for tears which protect, clean, moisten
and lubricate the eyeball. contains lysozyme.
Macula Lutea - ANSWER Exact centre of the posterior retina
Optic Disc - ANSWER Site where the optic nerve exits the eye, also known as
blind spot
Posterior cavity - ANSWER Cavity that lies between lens and retina. it
contains a jelly-like substance to maintain eye shape
Pupil - ANSWER Hole in the middle of the eye that allows light into the eye
Refraction - ANSWER Bending of light rays as they move from one medium
to another of different density
Retina - ANSWER Inside membrane that consists of photoreceptors (rods and
cones)
Rods - ANSWER Photoreceptors that are specialised for black and white
vision, as well as shapes and movement
Sclera - ANSWER White of the eye that provides shape and support to the
eyeball
vascular tunic - ANSWER Middle tunic of the eye, contains the choroid, ciliary
body and the iris.
Auricle/Pinnna - ANSWER Elastic cartilage covered with skin that directs
sounds waves towards the tympanic membrane
Basilar membrane - ANSWER lower membrane of the cochlea duct
,Cochlea - ANSWER Small, snail-shaped organ of the ear that contains the
receptors for hearing
Dynamic Equilibrium - ANSWER Maintenance of the head position during
sudden movements such as rotation, acceleration and deceleration
Endolymoh - ANSWER Fluid that conducts sound vibrations and responds to
mechanical forces located in the membranous labyrinth
Equilibrium - ANSWER The state of being balanced and refers to head
position in relation to the body.
External Auditory Cnal - ANSWER Curved tube of cartilage and bone leading
to the temporal bone
External ear - ANSWER Structure that collects sound waves
Internal ear - ANSWER Structure that contains the receptors for hearing and
equilibrium
middle ear - ANSWER structure that contains the 3 auditory ossicles, oval and
round window
Ossicles - ANSWER Middle ear bones - Malleus, incus, stapes
Otoliths - ANSWER Calcium carbonate stones which respond to gravity
located in the saccule or utricle
Perilymph - ANSWER Fluid that conducts sounds vibrations and respond to
mechanical forces located in the bony labyrinth
Presbycusis - ANSWER Age-associated progressive loss of hearing in both
ears related to loss of hair cells and nerve pathways degeneration.
Semi-circular canals - ANSWER Structures that are arranged to give 3D
, sensitivity and involved in dynamic equilibrium. containing groups of
receptor hair cells
Static equilibrium - ANSWER Maintenance of the head position relative to the
force of gravity
Tinnitus - ANSWER Ringing in the ear associated with nerve degeneration,
infection and medication side-effects.
Tympanic membrane - ANSWER Thin, semi-transparent membrane which
vibrates with sounds waves and transfers the energy to the ossicles
Vestibular Apparatus - ANSWER Receptor organs for equilibrium located in
the vestibule and semi-circular canals
Vestibular imbalance - ANSWER Imbalance caused by loss of hair cells
Vestibular membrane - ANSWER Upper membrane of the cochlea duct
Aorta - ANSWER Major artery that connects to the left ventricle and takes
oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Aortic semi-lunar valve - ANSWER Valve that sits between the left ventricle
and the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
Atria - ANSWER Two upper chambers of the heart where blood flows in.
Circumflex branch - ANSWER Artery that supplies blood to the myocardium
left atrium and the posterior wall of the left ventricle.
Coronary arteries - ANSWER Arteries that take deoxygenate blood to be
circulated through the myocardium of the heart
Coronary sinus - ANSWER Empties deoxygenated blood from the coronary
arteries into the right atrium
Complete Solution
Accommodation - ANSWER change in the curvature of the lens to adjust to
distance of objects
anterior cavity - ANSWER Cavity anterior to the lens which is filled with
aqueous humor to nourish the lens and cornea
Binocular Vision - ANSWER Both eyes move to look at the same object
Choroid - ANSWER Part of the vascular layer which absorbs scattered light in
the eye and maintains a clear/sharp image.
Cones - ANSWER Photoreceptors that are specialised for sharp vision
Conjunctiva - ANSWER Thin protective mucous membrane that lines the
inner aspect of the eyelids
Convergence of eyes - ANSWER Medial movement of eyes to focus both eyes
on an object.
Cornea - ANSWER Transparent protective outer layer that covers the iris
fibrous tunic - ANSWER Outer tunic of the eye, contains the sclera and cornea
Fovea Centralis - ANSWER Cones-only area at the centre of the macula lutea
which is the area of highest visual resolution
Inner tunic - ANSWER Inside tunic that consists of the retina
iris - ANSWER Coloured portion of the eye which regulates the amount of
,light entering the eye.
Lacrimal Fluid - ANSWER The name for tears which protect, clean, moisten
and lubricate the eyeball. contains lysozyme.
Macula Lutea - ANSWER Exact centre of the posterior retina
Optic Disc - ANSWER Site where the optic nerve exits the eye, also known as
blind spot
Posterior cavity - ANSWER Cavity that lies between lens and retina. it
contains a jelly-like substance to maintain eye shape
Pupil - ANSWER Hole in the middle of the eye that allows light into the eye
Refraction - ANSWER Bending of light rays as they move from one medium
to another of different density
Retina - ANSWER Inside membrane that consists of photoreceptors (rods and
cones)
Rods - ANSWER Photoreceptors that are specialised for black and white
vision, as well as shapes and movement
Sclera - ANSWER White of the eye that provides shape and support to the
eyeball
vascular tunic - ANSWER Middle tunic of the eye, contains the choroid, ciliary
body and the iris.
Auricle/Pinnna - ANSWER Elastic cartilage covered with skin that directs
sounds waves towards the tympanic membrane
Basilar membrane - ANSWER lower membrane of the cochlea duct
,Cochlea - ANSWER Small, snail-shaped organ of the ear that contains the
receptors for hearing
Dynamic Equilibrium - ANSWER Maintenance of the head position during
sudden movements such as rotation, acceleration and deceleration
Endolymoh - ANSWER Fluid that conducts sound vibrations and responds to
mechanical forces located in the membranous labyrinth
Equilibrium - ANSWER The state of being balanced and refers to head
position in relation to the body.
External Auditory Cnal - ANSWER Curved tube of cartilage and bone leading
to the temporal bone
External ear - ANSWER Structure that collects sound waves
Internal ear - ANSWER Structure that contains the receptors for hearing and
equilibrium
middle ear - ANSWER structure that contains the 3 auditory ossicles, oval and
round window
Ossicles - ANSWER Middle ear bones - Malleus, incus, stapes
Otoliths - ANSWER Calcium carbonate stones which respond to gravity
located in the saccule or utricle
Perilymph - ANSWER Fluid that conducts sounds vibrations and respond to
mechanical forces located in the bony labyrinth
Presbycusis - ANSWER Age-associated progressive loss of hearing in both
ears related to loss of hair cells and nerve pathways degeneration.
Semi-circular canals - ANSWER Structures that are arranged to give 3D
, sensitivity and involved in dynamic equilibrium. containing groups of
receptor hair cells
Static equilibrium - ANSWER Maintenance of the head position relative to the
force of gravity
Tinnitus - ANSWER Ringing in the ear associated with nerve degeneration,
infection and medication side-effects.
Tympanic membrane - ANSWER Thin, semi-transparent membrane which
vibrates with sounds waves and transfers the energy to the ossicles
Vestibular Apparatus - ANSWER Receptor organs for equilibrium located in
the vestibule and semi-circular canals
Vestibular imbalance - ANSWER Imbalance caused by loss of hair cells
Vestibular membrane - ANSWER Upper membrane of the cochlea duct
Aorta - ANSWER Major artery that connects to the left ventricle and takes
oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Aortic semi-lunar valve - ANSWER Valve that sits between the left ventricle
and the aorta that prevents backflow of blood into the ventricle
Atria - ANSWER Two upper chambers of the heart where blood flows in.
Circumflex branch - ANSWER Artery that supplies blood to the myocardium
left atrium and the posterior wall of the left ventricle.
Coronary arteries - ANSWER Arteries that take deoxygenate blood to be
circulated through the myocardium of the heart
Coronary sinus - ANSWER Empties deoxygenated blood from the coronary
arteries into the right atrium
