Marine Science 111 Final UPDATED Actual
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- that organisms developed from more simple
life forms
and have changed
(evolved) over time:; genetic variation through sexual reproudction
What is Natural Selection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The theory that states that those
organisms best adapted to their environment have a better chance of surviving and
reproducing. Two variations must be present
What did Hutton propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- gradualism- change occurred slowly
over time not in
steps
(saltitory)
What did Lamarck propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Lamarckism- Inheritance of
acquired
characteristics
What did Malthus propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- population is exponential and
resource production is linear which equals competition!
What did Cuvier propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Paleontology- study of life that
existed prior to holocene epoch
Catastrophism- the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events,
possibly worldwide in scope
Biostratigraphy- the branch of stratigraphy that uses fossils to establish relative ages of rock
and correlate successions of sedimentary rocks within and between depositional basins
What did Lyell propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Uniformitarianism- Process that
occur today have
,always occurred
Who also proposed a theory of evolution? (It was flawed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Lamarck
What was Lamarck's theory of evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- He believed that
change occur over time, stated that changes are adaptations to the environment that acquired
in a species lifetime, said that acquired changes were passed on to offspring, proposed the
law of use and disuse
What is the Law of Use and Disuse? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the more an animal uses a
particular structure the more prominent and well-developed the structure will become. The
less a structure is used the less prominent and well-developed it will become.
What was Lamark's understanding of the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms
acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could be passed on to the next
generations. This process contribute to the development new species
Why was Lamarck wrong? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- traits are passed through genes.
Genes are not changed by activities during a lifetime. Change through mutation occurs before
an organism is born.
Who is Charles Darwin? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A theological graduate who wrote the
book "The Origin of Species by Natural Selection." He proposed the idea of evolution and
natural selection, independently from Wallace
What was Darwin's hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- That organism have a common
ancestor, but they had adapted to their environment and changed over time (published in
1859)
What is a notable examples of Natural Selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Peppered
Moth- At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, coal burning produced soot
that covered the countryside in many areas. Because of this, White moths became easier see,
while the black moths became harder to see. The black moths were more likely to survive and
pass their genes to the next generations. Over time, black moths became more common.
, Describe the evidences for evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Common Ancestry
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Organs
Embryonic Development
Fossils
What does Common Ancestry show? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- species that evolve from
common ancestor, then they should have common anatomical traits. Ex. Darwin's Finches
What do Vestigial Organs show? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- some organisms possess
organs that are no longer useful to the organism's survival. Example. The flightless Kiwi, a
Whale's hind leg, human's appendix and tailbone
What are the three forms of natural selection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- stabilizing
selection, directional selection, disruptive selection
forms of natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- directional, stabilizing, disruptive
What is the implication of variation? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- some individuals will be
more suited to particular conditions and hence more likely to survive
What are the struggles for survival that organisms face in an environment? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Competition for food, Predation, Disease, Parasitism, Competition for
Mates, Competition for Space
What kind of traits can be passed on to their offsprings? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- only
heritable traits, those with a genetic basis Ex. you can inherit a nose, but not a nose job
Summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- More
individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Individuals vary extensively from
each other in a population. There exists a struggle to survive. Organism has unequal
characteristics, which allows those with more favorable characteristics to survive and
advance. Favorable Characteristics accumulate over generations.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- that organisms developed from more simple
life forms
and have changed
(evolved) over time:; genetic variation through sexual reproudction
What is Natural Selection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- The theory that states that those
organisms best adapted to their environment have a better chance of surviving and
reproducing. Two variations must be present
What did Hutton propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- gradualism- change occurred slowly
over time not in
steps
(saltitory)
What did Lamarck propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Lamarckism- Inheritance of
acquired
characteristics
What did Malthus propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- population is exponential and
resource production is linear which equals competition!
What did Cuvier propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Paleontology- study of life that
existed prior to holocene epoch
Catastrophism- the Earth has largely been shaped by sudden, short-lived, violent events,
possibly worldwide in scope
Biostratigraphy- the branch of stratigraphy that uses fossils to establish relative ages of rock
and correlate successions of sedimentary rocks within and between depositional basins
What did Lyell propose? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Uniformitarianism- Process that
occur today have
,always occurred
Who also proposed a theory of evolution? (It was flawed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Lamarck
What was Lamarck's theory of evolution? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- He believed that
change occur over time, stated that changes are adaptations to the environment that acquired
in a species lifetime, said that acquired changes were passed on to offspring, proposed the
law of use and disuse
What is the Law of Use and Disuse? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the more an animal uses a
particular structure the more prominent and well-developed the structure will become. The
less a structure is used the less prominent and well-developed it will become.
What was Lamark's understanding of the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics? -
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, organisms
acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could be passed on to the next
generations. This process contribute to the development new species
Why was Lamarck wrong? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- traits are passed through genes.
Genes are not changed by activities during a lifetime. Change through mutation occurs before
an organism is born.
Who is Charles Darwin? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A theological graduate who wrote the
book "The Origin of Species by Natural Selection." He proposed the idea of evolution and
natural selection, independently from Wallace
What was Darwin's hypothesis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- That organism have a common
ancestor, but they had adapted to their environment and changed over time (published in
1859)
What is a notable examples of Natural Selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Peppered
Moth- At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England, coal burning produced soot
that covered the countryside in many areas. Because of this, White moths became easier see,
while the black moths became harder to see. The black moths were more likely to survive and
pass their genes to the next generations. Over time, black moths became more common.
, Describe the evidences for evolution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Common Ancestry
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Organs
Embryonic Development
Fossils
What does Common Ancestry show? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- species that evolve from
common ancestor, then they should have common anatomical traits. Ex. Darwin's Finches
What do Vestigial Organs show? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- some organisms possess
organs that are no longer useful to the organism's survival. Example. The flightless Kiwi, a
Whale's hind leg, human's appendix and tailbone
What are the three forms of natural selection? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- stabilizing
selection, directional selection, disruptive selection
forms of natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- directional, stabilizing, disruptive
What is the implication of variation? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- some individuals will be
more suited to particular conditions and hence more likely to survive
What are the struggles for survival that organisms face in an environment? - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Competition for food, Predation, Disease, Parasitism, Competition for
Mates, Competition for Space
What kind of traits can be passed on to their offsprings? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- only
heritable traits, those with a genetic basis Ex. you can inherit a nose, but not a nose job
Summarize Darwin's theory of natural selection. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- More
individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Individuals vary extensively from
each other in a population. There exists a struggle to survive. Organism has unequal
characteristics, which allows those with more favorable characteristics to survive and
advance. Favorable Characteristics accumulate over generations.
