BIOD171 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+ UPDATED

BIOD171 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+ UPDATED Pale red in color and is both selective and differential media. The presence of crystal violet and bile salts in its formulation restricts gram positive bacterial growth. AS such, only gram-negative microbes can be grown. - ANSWER Mac Conkey Agar This Agar is selective for gram-positive bacteria and can differentiate members of the staph family. - ANSWER Mannitol Salt Agar Which of the following reactions is an example of an oxidoreductase? a. A + B - A-B b. A-B + H2O - A-OH + B-H c. A-- + B - A + B-- d. Ab +C - A + Cb - ANSWER c. A-- + B - A + B-- After a microbiologist obtains a quadrant streak sample, what is the next action taken in the incubation process to obtain growth? - ANSWER Lids placed back onto the plate, they are inverted to prevent any potential contaminants from settling onto the surface of the agar and placed in an incubator set at 37 deg C for ~12-24 hrs. Which of the following is/are true of Animalia? (Select all that apply) a. They possess the ability to move. b. Humans are an example. c. They can be unicellular or multicellular. d. They are autotrophic. - ANSWER a. They possess the ability to move. b. Humans are an example. A patient presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain after eating a grab-and-go lunch from the local corner store. The physician suspects foodborne illness to be the cause of discomfort. To treat the patient, it is essential to know the organism responsible for the illness. He learns that the organism is identified as a Gram-negative bacillus. He then orders EMB agar because he suspects E. Coli to be the cause. If his suspicion is correct, what observation will likely be seen on the agar plate? - ANSWER The physician should expect to receive a report of a distinct metallic green growth pattern growing on the agar. This will confirm the organism as E. coli. True or false. If false, make it true. In addition to being a rich source of carbon and energy, amino acids are a rich source of nitrogen and sulfur. - ANSWER True What STD is caused by gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria that can cause infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease? a. Syphilis b. Leprosy c. Chlamydia d. Gonorrhea - ANSWER c. Chlamydia What various functions do proteins have in a cell - ANSWER Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement. What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? - ANSWER There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins. What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of? - ANSWER The plasma membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients, etc) either in or out of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is needed (influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients. The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons). What are the three main components of carbohydrates? - ANSWER Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Examples would include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and C6H10O5 (cellulose). What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - ANSWER Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria or Archaea. What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - ANSWER Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio (curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew). Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under harsh conditions? - ANSWER Archaea. They are able to survive in extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high salt levels, acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions. What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ANSWER Eukaryotic microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia, Plantae, Fungi or Protista. Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ANSWER No. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic. Viruses are not considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning they must replicate within a host. The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? - ANSWER The cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non polar tail groups face inward thus orienting the polar head groups to interact with water both outside and inside of the cell. What are the primary cellular organelles described in this module? Be sure to know the roles of each. - ANSWER Ribosomes (protein synthesis), ER (site of protein synthesis), Golgi (protein modification and distribution), lysosomes (waste disposal), mitochondria (ATP generation) and chloroplasts (plants only; site of photosynthesis). What is cellular metabolism? - ANSWER Metabolism is a controlled set of biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life. What is the primary function of enzymes, and how are they regulated? - ANSWER Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. Most notably, the enzyme is not consumed during the reaction and can be used repeatedly by the cell. Enzymes can also be regulated by a cofactor such that in the absence of the proper cofactor, enzymes are inactive while in its presence enzymes are active. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? - ANSWER Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources whereas anabolism is the building up or biosynthesis of macromolecules from smaller molecular units into larger complexes, most often associated with cellular growth and repair. ATP has the energy to ,BLANK while ADP has the capacity to BLANK energy. - ANSWER donate; accept Chemotrophs can be subdivided into what two additional subgroups? - ANSWER Chemotrophs, which acquire energy from preformed chemicals found in the environment, can be divided into either organotrophs (removing electrons from organic molecules such as glucose) or lithotrophs, which remove electrons from inorganic molecules. Chemotrophs utilize which form of phosphorylation? - ANSWER Chemotrophs use oxidative phosphorylation (as opposed to photo or substrate-level phosphorylation). Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes the energy released by the chemical oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. What are the three distinct stages in the catabolism of glucose? - ANSWER Glycolysis is the first step of this process and yields 2 molecules of ATP. Next, by either fermentation (or respiration) 2 additional molecules of ATP can be produced. Last, the electron transport chain (ETC) produces 34 ATP via an oxidative phosphorylation event at the plasma membrane. Nucleus - ANSWER contains genomic content ER - ANSWER series of membrane enclosed Lysosomes - ANSWER contains hydrolytic enzymes Chloroplast - ANSWER site of photosynthesis Explain STEHM and what it is supposed to see - ANSWER the image is formed using an electron beam to study surfaces of proteins Legionnaires - ANSWER legionella pneumophila Wound botulism - ANSWER clostridium botulism Impetigo - ANSWER staph aureus Septicemic plague - ANSWER Yersinia pestis E. Coli - ANSWER prokaryotic Archaeons - ANSWER prokaryotic Yeast - ANSWER eukaryotic Amoeba - ANSWER eukaryotic Phototroph - ANSWER utilizes photons to generate Lithotroph - ANSWER remove electrons from inorganic molecules Autotroph - ANSWER obtain their source of carbon from inorganic molecules Chemotroph - ANSWER acquire energy from preformed chemicals in the environment A researcher is looking to solidify an agent for growth media. What polysaccharide substance would he or she use? - ANSWER agar Place the viral life cycle steps in order - ANSWER Answer: 1-Attachment: 2-Entry: 3- Uncoating: 4-Replication: 5-Release: 6-New infection: Which type of bacteria appears purple in color after staining? - ANSWER gram positive If left untreated, what can strep turn into? - ANSWER rheumatic fever Describe two differences in DNA and RNA - ANSWER DNA: double stranded, cannot leave the nucleus RNA: single stranded, can leave the nucleus True or False? When grown on BAP, microbes capable of alpha hemolysis present as tan/white color colonies due to the incomplete lysis of red blood cells - ANSWER False, they present brownish/red color