NURS 5315 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
What is the risk of a woman with a first degree relative with breast cancer developing breast cancer
herself? - CORRECT ANSWER-The woman's risk doubles
During the inflammatory process, what causes edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased capillary
permeability
What are the outcomes of the complement cascade - CORRECT ANSWER-1. anaphylatoxic activity
resulting in mast cell degranulation
2. leukocyte chemotaxis
3. opsonization
4. cell lysis
What is the role of the NK cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Elimination of malignant cells
What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Release of histaminase that limits the effects of histamine during inflammation
What is the predominant phagocytic cell in the later stages of an inflammatory response? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Monocytes
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular
permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Platelet-activating
factor (PAF)
Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional Helper-T cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
, Define hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER-an altered immunological response to an antigen that
results in disease or damage to the host
What is the mediator for a common hay fever allergy? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE (Type I reaction)
The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE
What type of immunity is exemplified by a blood transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-alloimmunity
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Eosinophils
During an IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasam? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of what
action? - CORRECT ANSWER-1 molecule of the antigen bind simultaneously to 2 molecules of IgE-Fc
receptor complexes on the mast cell surface resulting in the activation of interacellular signaling
pathways and mast cell granulation
In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
what causes tissue damage? - CORRECT ANSWER-Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibodies bind to
soluble antigens that were released into the body fluids and immune complexes are deposited in the
tissue
What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cytotoxic T lyphocytes
or lymphokine producing T1 cells attacking and destroying cellular targets directly
What mechanism occurs in Rayaud's phenomenon that classifies it as a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds and blocking circulation
EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS.
What is the risk of a woman with a first degree relative with breast cancer developing breast cancer
herself? - CORRECT ANSWER-The woman's risk doubles
During the inflammatory process, what causes edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-Increased capillary
permeability
What are the outcomes of the complement cascade - CORRECT ANSWER-1. anaphylatoxic activity
resulting in mast cell degranulation
2. leukocyte chemotaxis
3. opsonization
4. cell lysis
What is the role of the NK cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Elimination of malignant cells
What is the role of eosinophils in regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Release of histaminase that limits the effects of histamine during inflammation
What is the predominant phagocytic cell in the later stages of an inflammatory response? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Monocytes
Which chemical mediator derived from mast cells retracts endothelial cells to increase vascular
permeability and causes leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells? - CORRECT ANSWER-Platelet-activating
factor (PAF)
Which cytokine is needed for the maturation of a functional Helper-T cell? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
, Define hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER-an altered immunological response to an antigen that
results in disease or damage to the host
What is the mediator for a common hay fever allergy? - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE (Type I reaction)
The class of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE
What type of immunity is exemplified by a blood transfusion - CORRECT ANSWER-alloimmunity
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Eosinophils
During an IgE mediated hypersensitivity reaction, what causes bronchospasam? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Smooth muscle contraction caused by histamine bound to H1 receptors
During an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, the degranulation of mast cells is a result of what
action? - CORRECT ANSWER-1 molecule of the antigen bind simultaneously to 2 molecules of IgE-Fc
receptor complexes on the mast cell surface resulting in the activation of interacellular signaling
pathways and mast cell granulation
In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation,
what causes tissue damage? - CORRECT ANSWER-Neutrophil granules and toxic oxygen products
What is the mechanism in type III hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibodies bind to
soluble antigens that were released into the body fluids and immune complexes are deposited in the
tissue
What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cytotoxic T lyphocytes
or lymphokine producing T1 cells attacking and destroying cellular targets directly
What mechanism occurs in Rayaud's phenomenon that classifies it as a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds and blocking circulation
