SOCIOLOGY EXAM 2024-2025 (FINAL EXAM- ROBERT
MORTENSON) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Families >> Answer-> are relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an
economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the
group.
Family of orientation >> Answer-> is the family into which a person is born and in which early
socialization usually takes place.
Family of procreation >> Answer-> is the family that a person forms through marriage, and/or having
or adopting children.
Extended family >> Answer-> is a family unit composed of relatives in addition to parents and children
who live in the same household.
Nuclear family >> Answer-> is a family composed of one or two parents and their dependent children,
all of whom live apart from other relatives.
Marriage >> Answer-> is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or
more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.
Monogamy >> Answer-> is a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.
Serial monogamy >> Answer-> when a person has several spouses, but only one spouse at a time
Polygamy >> Answer-> is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members
of the opposite sex.
Polygyny >> Answer-> one man and multiple women
Polyandry >> Answer-> one woman with multiple men
Kinship >> Answer-> refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or
adoption.
Patrilineal >> Answer-> descent is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.
Matrilineal >> Answer-> descent is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family.
Bilateral descent >> Answer-> is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's
sides of the family.
Patriarchal family >> Answer-> is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male.
Matriarchal family >> Answer-> is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female.
Politics >> Answer-> is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some
, people and groups.
Government >> Answer-> is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to
regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its
borders.
Power >> Answer-> is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from
others.
Force >> Answer-> actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others (Effective short
term)
Influence >> Answer-> "Power of Persuasion"
Authority >> Answer-> institutionalized power recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
Traditional authority >> Answer-> is the power that is legitimized on the basis of long- standing custom
Charismatic authority >> Answer-> is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal
qualities.
Routinization of charisma >> Answer-> is the process by which charismatic authority is succeeded by a
bureaucracy
Rational-legal authority >> Answer-> is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations
Monarchy >> Answer-> is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is
passed down from generation to generation
Authoritarianism >> Answer-> is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation
in government
Totalitarianism >> Answer-> is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of
people's public and private lives
Democracy >> Answer-> is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly
or through elected representaties.
Representative democracy >> Answer-> is when citizens elect representatives.
Pluralist model >> Answer-> assumes that people share a consensus and that the government serves
important functions that no other institution can fulfill
Political action committee >> Answer-> are organizations of special interest groups that solicit
contributions from donors and fund campaigns to help elect candidates based on specific issues
Supreme Court Decision >> Answer-> Limiting Corporate Spending is a violation of 1st Amendment
Rights
Elite model: >> Answer-> society ruled by small group of individuals who share common set of political
and economic interests
MORTENSON) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Families >> Answer-> are relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an
economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the
group.
Family of orientation >> Answer-> is the family into which a person is born and in which early
socialization usually takes place.
Family of procreation >> Answer-> is the family that a person forms through marriage, and/or having
or adopting children.
Extended family >> Answer-> is a family unit composed of relatives in addition to parents and children
who live in the same household.
Nuclear family >> Answer-> is a family composed of one or two parents and their dependent children,
all of whom live apart from other relatives.
Marriage >> Answer-> is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or
more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.
Monogamy >> Answer-> is a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.
Serial monogamy >> Answer-> when a person has several spouses, but only one spouse at a time
Polygamy >> Answer-> is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members
of the opposite sex.
Polygyny >> Answer-> one man and multiple women
Polyandry >> Answer-> one woman with multiple men
Kinship >> Answer-> refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or
adoption.
Patrilineal >> Answer-> descent is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.
Matrilineal >> Answer-> descent is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family.
Bilateral descent >> Answer-> is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's
sides of the family.
Patriarchal family >> Answer-> is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male.
Matriarchal family >> Answer-> is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female.
Politics >> Answer-> is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by some
, people and groups.
Government >> Answer-> is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to
regulate the relationships among members of a society and between the society and those outside its
borders.
Power >> Answer-> is the ability of persons or groups to achieve their goals despite opposition from
others.
Force >> Answer-> actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one's will on others (Effective short
term)
Influence >> Answer-> "Power of Persuasion"
Authority >> Answer-> institutionalized power recognized by the people over whom it is exercised.
Traditional authority >> Answer-> is the power that is legitimized on the basis of long- standing custom
Charismatic authority >> Answer-> is power legitimized on the basis of a leader's exceptional personal
qualities.
Routinization of charisma >> Answer-> is the process by which charismatic authority is succeeded by a
bureaucracy
Rational-legal authority >> Answer-> is power legitimized by law or written rules and regulations
Monarchy >> Answer-> is a political system in which power resides in one person or family and is
passed down from generation to generation
Authoritarianism >> Answer-> is a political system controlled by rulers who deny popular participation
in government
Totalitarianism >> Answer-> is a political system in which the state seeks to regulate all aspects of
people's public and private lives
Democracy >> Answer-> is a political system in which the people hold the ruling power either directly
or through elected representaties.
Representative democracy >> Answer-> is when citizens elect representatives.
Pluralist model >> Answer-> assumes that people share a consensus and that the government serves
important functions that no other institution can fulfill
Political action committee >> Answer-> are organizations of special interest groups that solicit
contributions from donors and fund campaigns to help elect candidates based on specific issues
Supreme Court Decision >> Answer-> Limiting Corporate Spending is a violation of 1st Amendment
Rights
Elite model: >> Answer-> society ruled by small group of individuals who share common set of political
and economic interests
