2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger - exam 1 Questions
and Correct Answers | Latest Update
What is methodology?
✓ -:- -the science of finding out
✓ 1. systematic procedures
✓ 2. technique
✓ 3. model inquiry
What is empirical knowledge?
✓ -:- -Knowledge based on what we experience and observe
What are the *4 ways of "knowing"*? Which is the most influential?
✓ -:- 1. Authority
2. Tradition
3. Personal experience
4.*Scientific approach* most influential (empirical research)
What is authority? What are the pros and cons to this way of "Knowing"?
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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
✓ -:- -Gaining knowledge from those with expertise
Pros
1. quick, easy
2. experts spend much time on learning something in particular
Cons
1. overstated expertise
2. ulterior motive
3. misplaced authority
What is tradition? What are the cons to his way of "knowing"?
✓ -:- -authority in the past "everybody knows" "its always been this way"
Cons
1. history can change
2. often not true in first place
3. can result in the spread of misinformation
What are the *downsides* and potential pitfalls of *personal experience*?
✓ -:- 1. Overgeneralization
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,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
2. Selective Observation
3. Premature Closure
4. Halo Effect
Define and give example of downsides of personal experience:
1. Overgeneralization
✓ -:- observing few events and taking them as evidence of a general
pattern
example: knowing a few pit bulls to be vicious
and assuming that all pit bulls are vicious
Define and give example of downside of personal experience:
2. Selective observation
✓ -:- noticing events that confirm what we already believe and ignoring or
discrediting events that are not supportive
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
example: noticing professor that are rude and
ignoring the professors that are helpful
Define and give example of downside of personal experience
3. Premature Closure
✓ -:- not considering alternative once you make up your mind
example: i know a couple of people who
smoked two packs a day and lived to be 80, so
smoking isn't harmful
Define and give example of downside of personal experience
4. Halo Effect
✓ -:- giving a noun a person we respect an overly high amount of prestige
and authority
4|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
CCJ 4700 FSU Wenger - exam 1 Questions
and Correct Answers | Latest Update
What is methodology?
✓ -:- -the science of finding out
✓ 1. systematic procedures
✓ 2. technique
✓ 3. model inquiry
What is empirical knowledge?
✓ -:- -Knowledge based on what we experience and observe
What are the *4 ways of "knowing"*? Which is the most influential?
✓ -:- 1. Authority
2. Tradition
3. Personal experience
4.*Scientific approach* most influential (empirical research)
What is authority? What are the pros and cons to this way of "Knowing"?
1|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
✓ -:- -Gaining knowledge from those with expertise
Pros
1. quick, easy
2. experts spend much time on learning something in particular
Cons
1. overstated expertise
2. ulterior motive
3. misplaced authority
What is tradition? What are the cons to his way of "knowing"?
✓ -:- -authority in the past "everybody knows" "its always been this way"
Cons
1. history can change
2. often not true in first place
3. can result in the spread of misinformation
What are the *downsides* and potential pitfalls of *personal experience*?
✓ -:- 1. Overgeneralization
2|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
,2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
2. Selective Observation
3. Premature Closure
4. Halo Effect
Define and give example of downsides of personal experience:
1. Overgeneralization
✓ -:- observing few events and taking them as evidence of a general
pattern
example: knowing a few pit bulls to be vicious
and assuming that all pit bulls are vicious
Define and give example of downside of personal experience:
2. Selective observation
✓ -:- noticing events that confirm what we already believe and ignoring or
discrediting events that are not supportive
3|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
, 2024 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel!
example: noticing professor that are rude and
ignoring the professors that are helpful
Define and give example of downside of personal experience
3. Premature Closure
✓ -:- not considering alternative once you make up your mind
example: i know a couple of people who
smoked two packs a day and lived to be 80, so
smoking isn't harmful
Define and give example of downside of personal experience
4. Halo Effect
✓ -:- giving a noun a person we respect an overly high amount of prestige
and authority
4|P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 0 2 5
