COMD 5070 Questions and Answers
On a spectrum, a sine wave appears as ___________. - ✅✅ a single line
A line spectrum is a _______ in time. - ✅✅ snapshot
What is the x-axis in a speech spectrogram? - ✅✅ X = time
What is the y-axis in a speech spectrogram? - ✅✅ Y = frequency
What does the darkness in a speech spectrogram represent? - ✅✅ darkness =
intensity
What is the difference between perturbation and modulation? - ✅✅ modulation
is much slower than random cycle-to-cycle perturbation; modulation is spread
across many cycles
What is jitter? - ✅✅ frequency perturbation
What is shimmer? - ✅✅ amplitude perturbation
What is tremor? - ✅✅ rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and amplitude
Hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - ✅✅ higher
What does tremor sound like? - ✅✅ shakiness in the voice without roughness or
hoarseness
What does low modulation/high perturbation sound like? - ✅✅ rough but not
wobbly.... Sounds like Kermit
What does high modulation/low perturbation sound like? - ✅✅ aka vocal
vibratto
-opera singer
What are two direct ways to measure subglottal pressure? - ✅✅ -tracheal
puncture
-esophageal pressure (swallow sensor)
, How can you estimate subglottal pressure? - ✅✅ produce voiceless bilabial
plosive (pah, pah, pah)
-this is when oral pressure equals subglottal pressure
How do you calculate average air flow? - ✅✅ dividing volume used by time
-for example, if 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
-average flow = 1/5 liters per second = 0.2 L/s
Pressure = ______ times _______ - ✅✅ resistance x flow
Resistance = ______ divided by ______ - ✅✅ pressure / flow
How does Ohm's law relate to the voice (equation)? - ✅✅ laryngeal airway
resistance = subglottic pressure / air flow
What is science? What are the 4 features of the scientific method? - ✅✅ -
empirical
-deterministic
-predictive
-parsimonious
What does it mean for science to be empirical? - ✅✅ based on data
What does it mean for science to be deterministic? - ✅✅ obeys physical laws
What does it mean for science to be predictive? - ✅✅ if you do this then that will
happen
What does it mean for science to be parsimonious? - ✅✅ uses the simplest
explanation possible
How many semitones are in one octave? - ✅✅ 12 semitones
How much sampling is enough? - ✅✅ sample at 2x the rate of the highest
frequency (e.g. Data up to 5 khz = sample at 10 khz, data up to 100 Hz = sample at
200 Hz)
What is the Nyquist frequency? - ✅✅ half the sample rate
On a spectrum, a sine wave appears as ___________. - ✅✅ a single line
A line spectrum is a _______ in time. - ✅✅ snapshot
What is the x-axis in a speech spectrogram? - ✅✅ X = time
What is the y-axis in a speech spectrogram? - ✅✅ Y = frequency
What does the darkness in a speech spectrogram represent? - ✅✅ darkness =
intensity
What is the difference between perturbation and modulation? - ✅✅ modulation
is much slower than random cycle-to-cycle perturbation; modulation is spread
across many cycles
What is jitter? - ✅✅ frequency perturbation
What is shimmer? - ✅✅ amplitude perturbation
What is tremor? - ✅✅ rhythmic change in fundamental frequency and amplitude
Hoarse voices have (high/low) perturbation. - ✅✅ higher
What does tremor sound like? - ✅✅ shakiness in the voice without roughness or
hoarseness
What does low modulation/high perturbation sound like? - ✅✅ rough but not
wobbly.... Sounds like Kermit
What does high modulation/low perturbation sound like? - ✅✅ aka vocal
vibratto
-opera singer
What are two direct ways to measure subglottal pressure? - ✅✅ -tracheal
puncture
-esophageal pressure (swallow sensor)
, How can you estimate subglottal pressure? - ✅✅ produce voiceless bilabial
plosive (pah, pah, pah)
-this is when oral pressure equals subglottal pressure
How do you calculate average air flow? - ✅✅ dividing volume used by time
-for example, if 1 liter of air is used and phonation lasts for 5 seconds
-average flow = 1/5 liters per second = 0.2 L/s
Pressure = ______ times _______ - ✅✅ resistance x flow
Resistance = ______ divided by ______ - ✅✅ pressure / flow
How does Ohm's law relate to the voice (equation)? - ✅✅ laryngeal airway
resistance = subglottic pressure / air flow
What is science? What are the 4 features of the scientific method? - ✅✅ -
empirical
-deterministic
-predictive
-parsimonious
What does it mean for science to be empirical? - ✅✅ based on data
What does it mean for science to be deterministic? - ✅✅ obeys physical laws
What does it mean for science to be predictive? - ✅✅ if you do this then that will
happen
What does it mean for science to be parsimonious? - ✅✅ uses the simplest
explanation possible
How many semitones are in one octave? - ✅✅ 12 semitones
How much sampling is enough? - ✅✅ sample at 2x the rate of the highest
frequency (e.g. Data up to 5 khz = sample at 10 khz, data up to 100 Hz = sample at
200 Hz)
What is the Nyquist frequency? - ✅✅ half the sample rate
