1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
CMB2004 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
What is a pathogen?
✓ ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus,
parasite
For an effective immune response the immune system must...
✓ ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism
✓ - not over react to benign or self
✓ - be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different
pathogens
What is specific/adaptive immunity?
✓ ~~> - it is induced by exposure to a particular infection
- shows a high degree of specificity
- exhibits memory
What is the clonal selection theory?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> 1. Removal of potentially self reactive immature lymphocytes by
clonal selection
2. Pool of mature naive lymphocytes
3. Proliferation and differentiation of activated specific lymphocytes to form a
clone of effector cells
What are BCRs and what do they do?
✓ ~~> B cell receptor expressed by B lymphocytes is subsequently
secreted when B cell is activated now known as an antibody
What is the structure of an antibody?
✓ ~~>
What is the function of a T cell receptor?
✓ ~~> - Unlike antibody, it doesn't bind free antigen
- Binds/recognises processed antigen
- Presented in the cleft/binding groove of MHC class I or class II molecules
What are MHC molecules?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> major histocompatibility complex molecules, also called HLA
(human leukocyte antigens)
a collection of cell surface markers that identify the cells as self
Rearrangement of Ig genes
✓ ~~> - Genes rearrange during B cell development to form a functional
gene
- Production of functional immunoglobulin genes involves recombination to
bring gene segments together
- After DNA breaks, a single V and a single J gene segment are joined
together to encode the V region of the light chain
- Similarly, a single V, D and J gene segment are joined together in a single B
cell to encode the V region
Types of segments in heavy and light chains
✓ ~~> V - variable
D - diversity
J - joining
C - constant
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
CMB2004 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
What is a pathogen?
✓ ~~> A microorganism that causes disease e.g. bacteria, fungi, virus,
parasite
For an effective immune response the immune system must...
✓ ~~> - be able to recognise and respond to any invading organism
✓ - not over react to benign or self
✓ - be able to direct different effector mechanisms against different
pathogens
What is specific/adaptive immunity?
✓ ~~> - it is induced by exposure to a particular infection
- shows a high degree of specificity
- exhibits memory
What is the clonal selection theory?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> 1. Removal of potentially self reactive immature lymphocytes by
clonal selection
2. Pool of mature naive lymphocytes
3. Proliferation and differentiation of activated specific lymphocytes to form a
clone of effector cells
What are BCRs and what do they do?
✓ ~~> B cell receptor expressed by B lymphocytes is subsequently
secreted when B cell is activated now known as an antibody
What is the structure of an antibody?
✓ ~~>
What is the function of a T cell receptor?
✓ ~~> - Unlike antibody, it doesn't bind free antigen
- Binds/recognises processed antigen
- Presented in the cleft/binding groove of MHC class I or class II molecules
What are MHC molecules?
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+
✓ ~~> major histocompatibility complex molecules, also called HLA
(human leukocyte antigens)
a collection of cell surface markers that identify the cells as self
Rearrangement of Ig genes
✓ ~~> - Genes rearrange during B cell development to form a functional
gene
- Production of functional immunoglobulin genes involves recombination to
bring gene segments together
- After DNA breaks, a single V and a single J gene segment are joined
together to encode the V region of the light chain
- Similarly, a single V, D and J gene segment are joined together in a single B
cell to encode the V region
Types of segments in heavy and light chains
✓ ~~> V - variable
D - diversity
J - joining
C - constant
Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update
