TEST BANK For Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and
Molecular Diagnostics, 8th Edition by Nader Rifai,
amino acid - ANSWER:an organic compound that contains an amino group (-NH2)
and a carboxyl group(-COOH)
List the essential amino acids - ANSWER:Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine
Primary aminoaciduria - ANSWER:inherited enzyme defect (inborn error of
metabolism) or genetic diseases that leads to the absence of a single amino acid
secondary aminoaciduria - ANSWER:due to disease or damage of an organ such as
liver or generalized renal tubular dysfunction or protein-energy malnutrition
Methods used to analyze AA - ANSWER:1. ion exchange chromatography/ninhydrin
system
2. LC-MS/MS
3. reversed-phase HPLC
4. capillary electrophoresis (CE)
5. GC
peptide bond - ANSWER:The covalent bond or link formed by a condensation
reaction between the amino group or one amino acid with the carboxyl group of
another to form an amide linkage
Quantitative analysis of proteins includes - ANSWER:1. physical methods
2. activity measurements
3. immunoassays
Qualitative analysis of proteins includes - ANSWER:1. electrophoresis
2. chromatography
3. genetic analysis
4. functional assays
5. mass spectrometry
Methods for measuring TP in fluids - ANSWER:1. Kjeldahl
2. biuret
, 3. direct spectrophotometric
4. Folin-Ciocalteu (Lowry)
5. dye-binding
6. refractometric
7. turbidimetric
Kjeldahl method - ANSWER:sample digested with acid to convert nitrogen in protein
to ammonium ion that is measured; reproducible, but inconvenient, time-
consuming, impractical
Biuret Method - ANSWER:Cu2+ complexes with peptide bonds in alkaline conditions
causing a shift in color from blue to violet; moderate sensitivity; slightly affected by
icterus and lipemia
Direct Photometric Methods - ANSWER:absorbance of ultraviolet light at 200-225
nm (tyrosine and tryptophan) and 270-290 nm (peptide bonds)
Dye Binding Method - ANSWER:shifts in absorbance spectra of dyes when bound to
proteins; good sensitivity and low interference from small compounds
Pyrogallol Red - ANSWER:used for the analysis of protein in dilute fluids such as urine
and CSF
Refractometry - ANSWER:measurement of of refractive index; not normally used for
TP determination
Turbidimetric method - ANSWER:measures changes in absorbance caused by
aggregated protein
Nephelometric method - ANSWER:measures light reflected at an angle by
aggregated protein
Common reagents used in tubidmetric methods - ANSWER:1. tricholoroacetic acid
2. SSA
3. SSA with sodium sulfate
4. benzethonium chloride
5. benzalkonium salts
Turbidimetric and nephelometric assay can be - ANSWER:end point or kinetic
reactions
Three dyes used to stain protein in serum protein electrophoresis - ANSWER:1.
amido black
2. Ponceau S
3. Coomassie brilliant blue
Molecular Diagnostics, 8th Edition by Nader Rifai,
amino acid - ANSWER:an organic compound that contains an amino group (-NH2)
and a carboxyl group(-COOH)
List the essential amino acids - ANSWER:Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine
Primary aminoaciduria - ANSWER:inherited enzyme defect (inborn error of
metabolism) or genetic diseases that leads to the absence of a single amino acid
secondary aminoaciduria - ANSWER:due to disease or damage of an organ such as
liver or generalized renal tubular dysfunction or protein-energy malnutrition
Methods used to analyze AA - ANSWER:1. ion exchange chromatography/ninhydrin
system
2. LC-MS/MS
3. reversed-phase HPLC
4. capillary electrophoresis (CE)
5. GC
peptide bond - ANSWER:The covalent bond or link formed by a condensation
reaction between the amino group or one amino acid with the carboxyl group of
another to form an amide linkage
Quantitative analysis of proteins includes - ANSWER:1. physical methods
2. activity measurements
3. immunoassays
Qualitative analysis of proteins includes - ANSWER:1. electrophoresis
2. chromatography
3. genetic analysis
4. functional assays
5. mass spectrometry
Methods for measuring TP in fluids - ANSWER:1. Kjeldahl
2. biuret
, 3. direct spectrophotometric
4. Folin-Ciocalteu (Lowry)
5. dye-binding
6. refractometric
7. turbidimetric
Kjeldahl method - ANSWER:sample digested with acid to convert nitrogen in protein
to ammonium ion that is measured; reproducible, but inconvenient, time-
consuming, impractical
Biuret Method - ANSWER:Cu2+ complexes with peptide bonds in alkaline conditions
causing a shift in color from blue to violet; moderate sensitivity; slightly affected by
icterus and lipemia
Direct Photometric Methods - ANSWER:absorbance of ultraviolet light at 200-225
nm (tyrosine and tryptophan) and 270-290 nm (peptide bonds)
Dye Binding Method - ANSWER:shifts in absorbance spectra of dyes when bound to
proteins; good sensitivity and low interference from small compounds
Pyrogallol Red - ANSWER:used for the analysis of protein in dilute fluids such as urine
and CSF
Refractometry - ANSWER:measurement of of refractive index; not normally used for
TP determination
Turbidimetric method - ANSWER:measures changes in absorbance caused by
aggregated protein
Nephelometric method - ANSWER:measures light reflected at an angle by
aggregated protein
Common reagents used in tubidmetric methods - ANSWER:1. tricholoroacetic acid
2. SSA
3. SSA with sodium sulfate
4. benzethonium chloride
5. benzalkonium salts
Turbidimetric and nephelometric assay can be - ANSWER:end point or kinetic
reactions
Three dyes used to stain protein in serum protein electrophoresis - ANSWER:1.
amido black
2. Ponceau S
3. Coomassie brilliant blue
