TEST BANK For Pharmacology Clear and Simple: 4th
Edition A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage
Calculations, by Watkins
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER:study of metabolism and action of drugs with emphasis
on drug cycle
pharmacology - ANSWER:exploration of substances that are used to heal and
comfort sick and help us live longer and healthier lives
absorption - ANSWER:how medication enters bloodstream, process by which a
substances moves into the bloodstream from site where it was administered
metabolism - ANSWER:aka miotransformation; how our body breaks down the
medication into usable components and waste products
medication given by mouth takes ____ - ANSWER:much longer to enter bloodstream
and to reach site where neeeded than does medication given directly into circulatory
system
medication breakdown cycle, length of time - ANSWER:15 minutes to days
a medication taken orally must be transferred through the ______ -
ANSWER:stomach or intestinal mucosa into the circulating blood
how quickly a medication is absorbed depends on : - ANSWER:how it is administered
and whether it's topical or systemic
drug can be administered in 3 ways? - ANSWER:1. enterally, directly into GI system
orally, rectally or through a tube entering this system
2. percutaneously, by intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or intradermal
inection
3. percutaneously, by inhalation, sublingually, topically, or transdermally
4 phases of drug cycle: - ANSWER:1. absorption via gastrointestinal mucosa
2. distribution via circulatory system
3. metabolism via liver
4. excretion via kidneys
liquid medicine acts _____ than pills - ANSWER:faster
fastest way to the blood supply for a drug: - ANSWER:intravenous injection, drug is
injected directly into a vein
, be careful when administering intravenous medication because: - ANSWER:they
could be absorbed too rapidly, like morphine causing patient to become severely
hypotensive and stop breathing
other factors that can vary absorption rate: - ANSWER:fat and lipid solubility (ability
to dissolve), medication's pH, med concentration, length of contact, patient's age,
amount of food in stomach, depth of breathing
fat or lipid solubility: factor - ANSWER:the more soluble a medication is in fat or
lipids, the more easily it is absorbed through stomach into intestines
pH: factor - ANSWER:low pH (acidic) meds are easily absorbed into stomach; high pH
(alkalotic) are less likely to be absorbed effectively
concentration of the medicine: factor - ANSWER:the higher the med concentration,
the more easily the med is absorbed
length of contact: factor - ANSWER:longer a topical med is on skin or mucosa, the
more easily the med is absorbed
age: factor - ANSWER:both children and older patients absorb more meds through
skin than healthy adults, so topical meds are applied in a thin layer
food: factor - ANSWER:a large amount of food slows the absorption of systemic
meds; stomach acid facilitates absorption of systemic meds; medication is absorbed
faster when stomach acid is increased
depth of breathing: factor - ANSWER:for inhalants, the more deeply patients
breathe, the more meds they inhale
distribution - ANSWER:2nd phase of the drug cycle, delivery of the drug to the
appropriate site after drug has been absorbed into bloodstream
barriers - ANSWER:physiological barriers, densely packed cells, like blood-placental
barrier, blood-brain barrier, blood-testicular barrier
blood-placental barrier function: - ANSWER:helps to filter drugs and other
substances passing from mother to fetus and protects fetus
what drugs can cross the blood-placental barrier? - ANSWER:alcohol, cocaine, some
OTC drugs; most lipid-soluble drugs; psychotropic drugs
what drugs can't cross the blood-placental barrier? - ANSWER:water-soluble drugs,
antibiotics
Edition A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage
Calculations, by Watkins
pharmacokinetics - ANSWER:study of metabolism and action of drugs with emphasis
on drug cycle
pharmacology - ANSWER:exploration of substances that are used to heal and
comfort sick and help us live longer and healthier lives
absorption - ANSWER:how medication enters bloodstream, process by which a
substances moves into the bloodstream from site where it was administered
metabolism - ANSWER:aka miotransformation; how our body breaks down the
medication into usable components and waste products
medication given by mouth takes ____ - ANSWER:much longer to enter bloodstream
and to reach site where neeeded than does medication given directly into circulatory
system
medication breakdown cycle, length of time - ANSWER:15 minutes to days
a medication taken orally must be transferred through the ______ -
ANSWER:stomach or intestinal mucosa into the circulating blood
how quickly a medication is absorbed depends on : - ANSWER:how it is administered
and whether it's topical or systemic
drug can be administered in 3 ways? - ANSWER:1. enterally, directly into GI system
orally, rectally or through a tube entering this system
2. percutaneously, by intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or intradermal
inection
3. percutaneously, by inhalation, sublingually, topically, or transdermally
4 phases of drug cycle: - ANSWER:1. absorption via gastrointestinal mucosa
2. distribution via circulatory system
3. metabolism via liver
4. excretion via kidneys
liquid medicine acts _____ than pills - ANSWER:faster
fastest way to the blood supply for a drug: - ANSWER:intravenous injection, drug is
injected directly into a vein
, be careful when administering intravenous medication because: - ANSWER:they
could be absorbed too rapidly, like morphine causing patient to become severely
hypotensive and stop breathing
other factors that can vary absorption rate: - ANSWER:fat and lipid solubility (ability
to dissolve), medication's pH, med concentration, length of contact, patient's age,
amount of food in stomach, depth of breathing
fat or lipid solubility: factor - ANSWER:the more soluble a medication is in fat or
lipids, the more easily it is absorbed through stomach into intestines
pH: factor - ANSWER:low pH (acidic) meds are easily absorbed into stomach; high pH
(alkalotic) are less likely to be absorbed effectively
concentration of the medicine: factor - ANSWER:the higher the med concentration,
the more easily the med is absorbed
length of contact: factor - ANSWER:longer a topical med is on skin or mucosa, the
more easily the med is absorbed
age: factor - ANSWER:both children and older patients absorb more meds through
skin than healthy adults, so topical meds are applied in a thin layer
food: factor - ANSWER:a large amount of food slows the absorption of systemic
meds; stomach acid facilitates absorption of systemic meds; medication is absorbed
faster when stomach acid is increased
depth of breathing: factor - ANSWER:for inhalants, the more deeply patients
breathe, the more meds they inhale
distribution - ANSWER:2nd phase of the drug cycle, delivery of the drug to the
appropriate site after drug has been absorbed into bloodstream
barriers - ANSWER:physiological barriers, densely packed cells, like blood-placental
barrier, blood-brain barrier, blood-testicular barrier
blood-placental barrier function: - ANSWER:helps to filter drugs and other
substances passing from mother to fetus and protects fetus
what drugs can cross the blood-placental barrier? - ANSWER:alcohol, cocaine, some
OTC drugs; most lipid-soluble drugs; psychotropic drugs
what drugs can't cross the blood-placental barrier? - ANSWER:water-soluble drugs,
antibiotics
