Optometry Admission Test || A+ Verified Solutions.
Which of the following is the mRNA start codon in most cases? correct answers AUG
Which of the types of RNA is the smallest? correct answers tRNA
Which of the following is NOT considered a pyrimidine? correct answers G
Which of the following ARE considered a pyrimidine? correct answers - Cytosine, Thymine, and
Uracil
- One-carbon nitrogen ring bases
Which of the following is correctly paired set of DNA nucleotides? correct answers C-G
A-T
What are the building blocks of amino acids? correct answers Purines and Pyrimidines
Purines correct answers - Adenine and Guanine
- Two-carbon nitrogen ring bases
Which of the following characterizes a Western blot? correct answers Antibody/protein
hybridization
Western Blot correct answers Western blots allow investigators to determine the molecular
weight of a protein and to measure relative amounts of the protein present in different samples.
Which of the following divisions of cell growth precedes Mitosis in the cell cycle? correct
answers G2
Down Syndrome is directly linked to a genetic abnormality of chromosome? correct answers
XXI
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Hardy-Weinberg Law? correct answers
Genotype selection does not occur at the Locus
Hardy-Weinberg Law correct answers Under the following conditions both phenotypic and
allelic frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in sexually reproducing
populations: large population size, no mutation, no immigration, random mating, random
reproductive success.
Which of the following is NOT an activated carrier? correct answers GMP
The following are activated carriers correct answers ATP, SAM, TPP
The end product of the TCA cycle produces _____ NADH correct answers 3
,How many ATP are required to transform pyruvate into glucose? correct answers 6
Which is NOT a derivative of the amino acid Tryptophan? correct answers Creatine
Derivatives of the amino acid Tryptophan correct answers Melatonin, Serotonin, Niacin
Amino Acids (AA) consist of? correct answers A tetrahedral alpha-carbon connected to an
amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group, which determines the AA's properties
Proteins consist of? correct answers Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, or amide bonds,
which have partial double bond characteristics, lack rotation, and are very stable
The secondary structure of proteins (alpha-helices and beta-sheets) are formed through? correct
answers Hydrogen bonding interactions between atoms in the backbone of the molecule
The most stable tertiary protein structure generally? correct answers Places polar AA's on the
exterior and non polar AA's on the interior of the protein. This minimizes interactions between
non polar AAs and water, while optimizing interactions between side chains inside the protein
Carbohydrates correct answers Are chains of hydrated carbon atoms with the molecular formula
CnH2nOn
Monosaccharides correct answers Like glucose, fructose, and galactose are energy molecules for
cells
Disaccharides include? correct answers maltose, sucrose, and lactose
Polysaccharides are? correct answers For either glucose storage or structure.
Glycogen correct answers Is a glucose storage molecule in animals
Starch correct answers Is glucose storage for plants
Cellulose correct answers Is a plant structural molecule
Fats are? correct answers Hydrophobic molecules used for energy storage (tryglycerides),
membrane structure (phospholipids and cholesterol), or hormones (steroids)
Hydrolysis of a triglyceride correct answers Produce three equivalents of fatty acid carboxylates.
These amphipathic molecules form micelles in solution
Cholesterol correct answers Is a ring-shaped lipid that helped stabilize lipid bilayers
Steroid hormones correct answers Are derived from cholesterol
,Nucleotides correct answers Are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), which
are comprised of pentose sugar a purine or pyrimidine base, and 2-3 phosphate units.
Cellular Respiration correct answers Is the oxidation of carbohydrates, reduction of electron
carriers, and generation of ATP
Glycolysis correct answers Occurs in the cytoplasm and generates two pyruvate molecules, two
ATP, and two NADH per glucose
Under anaerobic conditions correct answers The cell performs fermentations to regenerate
NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) correct answers Functions in the mitochondrial
matrix, converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and generate NADH
The Krebs Cycle correct answers In the mitochondrial matrix generate six NADH, two FADH2,
and two GTP per glucose
The electron transport chain correct answers In the inner mitochondrial membrane starts with the
oxidation of the electron carriers NADH and FADH2, and ends with the reduction of oxygen and
the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP synthase correct answers In the inner mitochondrial membrane uses the proton gradient to
generate ATP (2.5 ATP per NADH from the mitochondrial matrix, 1.5 ATP per NADH from the
cytoplasm, and 1.5 ATP per FADH2)
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes correct answers Perform cellular respiration, but prokaryotes
used their plasma membrane for the electron transport chain and generate two more ATP per
glucose than eukaryotes
Photosynthesis correct answers Is the process plants use to convert light to ATP. Summary
equation is essentially the chemical reverse of respiration
Photosynthesis occurs in? correct answers Two steps:
- The light-dependent reactions (which generate ATP and NADPH)
- The light-independent reactions (which generate carbohydrates)
DNA correct answers Is the fundamental unit of inheritance in cells
DNA and RNA are? correct answers Polymers, made of nucleotide monomers
Adenine always pairs with? correct answers Thymine via two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine always pairs with? correct answers Guanine via three hydrogen bonds
, Uracil replaces? correct answers Thymine in RNA, and the ribose in RNA has an OH group on
carbon 2
DNA is? correct answers Supercoiled in prokaryotes and packaged around histone proteins in
eukaryotes
Prothrombin is a _____ globulin and is produced by the ____ correct answers Prothrombin is a
ALPHA globulin and is produced by the LIVER
The right coronary artery divides to form the posterior inter ventricular artery and the ____ artery
correct answers Marginal
Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the _____ next correct answers Coronary Sinus
If you are using a stethoscope and trying to detect the tricuspid valve which of the following
would be the best location? correct answers Within 2 inches of the typhoid process
Which of the following occurs during ventricular systole? correct answers Increased aortic
pressure
Which of the following occurs during ventricular diastole? correct answers Increased ventricular
volume
The innermost layer of a blood vessel is lined with? correct answers Simple squamous cells
Angiotension can directly cause the release of ______ from the adrenal cortex correct answers
Aldosterone
Cardiac output is the product of? correct answers HR and stroke volume
Pulmonary edema is most likely associated with a failing correct answers Left Ventricle
Which of the following is the first branch off the aortic arch? correct answers Brachiocephalic
The braciocephalic artery divides to form the right common carotid and the? correct answers
Right Subclavian Artery
Which of the following arteries creates the left spenic, hepatic, and gastric arteries? correct
answers Celiac Artery
Which of the following is NOT considered a major branch off the descending thoracic aorta?
correct answers Renal Artery
Major branches off the descending thoracic aorta correct answers Mediastinal, bronchial,
posterior
Which of the following is the mRNA start codon in most cases? correct answers AUG
Which of the types of RNA is the smallest? correct answers tRNA
Which of the following is NOT considered a pyrimidine? correct answers G
Which of the following ARE considered a pyrimidine? correct answers - Cytosine, Thymine, and
Uracil
- One-carbon nitrogen ring bases
Which of the following is correctly paired set of DNA nucleotides? correct answers C-G
A-T
What are the building blocks of amino acids? correct answers Purines and Pyrimidines
Purines correct answers - Adenine and Guanine
- Two-carbon nitrogen ring bases
Which of the following characterizes a Western blot? correct answers Antibody/protein
hybridization
Western Blot correct answers Western blots allow investigators to determine the molecular
weight of a protein and to measure relative amounts of the protein present in different samples.
Which of the following divisions of cell growth precedes Mitosis in the cell cycle? correct
answers G2
Down Syndrome is directly linked to a genetic abnormality of chromosome? correct answers
XXI
Which of the following is a characteristic of the Hardy-Weinberg Law? correct answers
Genotype selection does not occur at the Locus
Hardy-Weinberg Law correct answers Under the following conditions both phenotypic and
allelic frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in sexually reproducing
populations: large population size, no mutation, no immigration, random mating, random
reproductive success.
Which of the following is NOT an activated carrier? correct answers GMP
The following are activated carriers correct answers ATP, SAM, TPP
The end product of the TCA cycle produces _____ NADH correct answers 3
,How many ATP are required to transform pyruvate into glucose? correct answers 6
Which is NOT a derivative of the amino acid Tryptophan? correct answers Creatine
Derivatives of the amino acid Tryptophan correct answers Melatonin, Serotonin, Niacin
Amino Acids (AA) consist of? correct answers A tetrahedral alpha-carbon connected to an
amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R group, which determines the AA's properties
Proteins consist of? correct answers Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, or amide bonds,
which have partial double bond characteristics, lack rotation, and are very stable
The secondary structure of proteins (alpha-helices and beta-sheets) are formed through? correct
answers Hydrogen bonding interactions between atoms in the backbone of the molecule
The most stable tertiary protein structure generally? correct answers Places polar AA's on the
exterior and non polar AA's on the interior of the protein. This minimizes interactions between
non polar AAs and water, while optimizing interactions between side chains inside the protein
Carbohydrates correct answers Are chains of hydrated carbon atoms with the molecular formula
CnH2nOn
Monosaccharides correct answers Like glucose, fructose, and galactose are energy molecules for
cells
Disaccharides include? correct answers maltose, sucrose, and lactose
Polysaccharides are? correct answers For either glucose storage or structure.
Glycogen correct answers Is a glucose storage molecule in animals
Starch correct answers Is glucose storage for plants
Cellulose correct answers Is a plant structural molecule
Fats are? correct answers Hydrophobic molecules used for energy storage (tryglycerides),
membrane structure (phospholipids and cholesterol), or hormones (steroids)
Hydrolysis of a triglyceride correct answers Produce three equivalents of fatty acid carboxylates.
These amphipathic molecules form micelles in solution
Cholesterol correct answers Is a ring-shaped lipid that helped stabilize lipid bilayers
Steroid hormones correct answers Are derived from cholesterol
,Nucleotides correct answers Are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), which
are comprised of pentose sugar a purine or pyrimidine base, and 2-3 phosphate units.
Cellular Respiration correct answers Is the oxidation of carbohydrates, reduction of electron
carriers, and generation of ATP
Glycolysis correct answers Occurs in the cytoplasm and generates two pyruvate molecules, two
ATP, and two NADH per glucose
Under anaerobic conditions correct answers The cell performs fermentations to regenerate
NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) correct answers Functions in the mitochondrial
matrix, converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and generate NADH
The Krebs Cycle correct answers In the mitochondrial matrix generate six NADH, two FADH2,
and two GTP per glucose
The electron transport chain correct answers In the inner mitochondrial membrane starts with the
oxidation of the electron carriers NADH and FADH2, and ends with the reduction of oxygen and
the generation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane
ATP synthase correct answers In the inner mitochondrial membrane uses the proton gradient to
generate ATP (2.5 ATP per NADH from the mitochondrial matrix, 1.5 ATP per NADH from the
cytoplasm, and 1.5 ATP per FADH2)
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes correct answers Perform cellular respiration, but prokaryotes
used their plasma membrane for the electron transport chain and generate two more ATP per
glucose than eukaryotes
Photosynthesis correct answers Is the process plants use to convert light to ATP. Summary
equation is essentially the chemical reverse of respiration
Photosynthesis occurs in? correct answers Two steps:
- The light-dependent reactions (which generate ATP and NADPH)
- The light-independent reactions (which generate carbohydrates)
DNA correct answers Is the fundamental unit of inheritance in cells
DNA and RNA are? correct answers Polymers, made of nucleotide monomers
Adenine always pairs with? correct answers Thymine via two hydrogen bonds
Cytosine always pairs with? correct answers Guanine via three hydrogen bonds
, Uracil replaces? correct answers Thymine in RNA, and the ribose in RNA has an OH group on
carbon 2
DNA is? correct answers Supercoiled in prokaryotes and packaged around histone proteins in
eukaryotes
Prothrombin is a _____ globulin and is produced by the ____ correct answers Prothrombin is a
ALPHA globulin and is produced by the LIVER
The right coronary artery divides to form the posterior inter ventricular artery and the ____ artery
correct answers Marginal
Blood flowing into the cardiac veins enters the _____ next correct answers Coronary Sinus
If you are using a stethoscope and trying to detect the tricuspid valve which of the following
would be the best location? correct answers Within 2 inches of the typhoid process
Which of the following occurs during ventricular systole? correct answers Increased aortic
pressure
Which of the following occurs during ventricular diastole? correct answers Increased ventricular
volume
The innermost layer of a blood vessel is lined with? correct answers Simple squamous cells
Angiotension can directly cause the release of ______ from the adrenal cortex correct answers
Aldosterone
Cardiac output is the product of? correct answers HR and stroke volume
Pulmonary edema is most likely associated with a failing correct answers Left Ventricle
Which of the following is the first branch off the aortic arch? correct answers Brachiocephalic
The braciocephalic artery divides to form the right common carotid and the? correct answers
Right Subclavian Artery
Which of the following arteries creates the left spenic, hepatic, and gastric arteries? correct
answers Celiac Artery
Which of the following is NOT considered a major branch off the descending thoracic aorta?
correct answers Renal Artery
Major branches off the descending thoracic aorta correct answers Mediastinal, bronchial,
posterior
