NUR 114 Final - Heart Failure Review
Questions and Correct Answers
What is systolic heart failure? ✅Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively
What are causes of systolic heart failure? ✅Impaired contractile function (MI)
Cardiomyopathy
Mechanical abnormalities (valvular disease)
What does systolic heart failure result in? ✅Decreased ejection fraction
What is diastolic heart failure? ✅Inability of the heart to relax and fill during diastole
What is diastolic heart failure caused by? ✅-Left ventricular hypertrophy (stiff
ventricles) from chronic HTN
-Aortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What does diastolic heart failure result in? ✅Decreased stroke volume and cardiac
output
When you think diastolic heart failure, what should you think? ✅"Pulmonary"
Left-sided heart failure untreated leads to what? ✅Right-sided HF
What are characteristics of left-sided heart failure? ✅Pulmonary congestion (crackles)
Edema (pink frothy secretions)
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Cough
Orthopenia
Nocturnal dyspnea
What do the characteristics of left-sided heart failure occur? ✅Because that is the only
place the blood can back up to
What are characteristics of right-sided heart failure? ✅JVD
Hepatomegaly
Splenegomaly
Vascular congestion of the GI tract
Peripheral edema (in the legs)
, Where does blood back up to in right-sided failure? ✅The right atrium and venous
systemic circulation
Where does blood back up to in left-sided heart failure? ✅The pulmonary veins
What is the first sign of heart failure? What happens as a result? ✅Increased HF &
Increased BP
The lungs try to supply more oxygen
What are nursing interventions for a patient with heart failure (initial)? ✅O2
Fluid restriction
Loop diuretics - lasix
Beta-blocker
High fowlers position
What does a beta-blocker do for a patient with heart failure? ✅Slow down the heart
What is the best way to tell in treatment with diuretics has been successful? ✅DAILY
WEIGHT!
What is decompensating heart failure? ✅Worsening of the symptoms
What are early signs of decompensating heart failure? ✅Pulmonary edema
Increased RR
Decrease in PaO2
What are later signs of decompensating heart failure? ✅Tachypnea (>30)
Respiratory acedemia
Explain the used of nipride: ✅Administered IV
Sianide derivative
Decreases preload and after load
Increases contractile force
Decreased pulmonary congestion
What does natrecor do? ✅Dilates the veins and arteries
What is preload? ✅The amount of blood left after diastole
What is afterload? ✅The resistance the ventricle has to pump against
What does and increase in preload do? ✅Causes dilation
Questions and Correct Answers
What is systolic heart failure? ✅Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively
What are causes of systolic heart failure? ✅Impaired contractile function (MI)
Cardiomyopathy
Mechanical abnormalities (valvular disease)
What does systolic heart failure result in? ✅Decreased ejection fraction
What is diastolic heart failure? ✅Inability of the heart to relax and fill during diastole
What is diastolic heart failure caused by? ✅-Left ventricular hypertrophy (stiff
ventricles) from chronic HTN
-Aortic stenosis
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What does diastolic heart failure result in? ✅Decreased stroke volume and cardiac
output
When you think diastolic heart failure, what should you think? ✅"Pulmonary"
Left-sided heart failure untreated leads to what? ✅Right-sided HF
What are characteristics of left-sided heart failure? ✅Pulmonary congestion (crackles)
Edema (pink frothy secretions)
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Cough
Orthopenia
Nocturnal dyspnea
What do the characteristics of left-sided heart failure occur? ✅Because that is the only
place the blood can back up to
What are characteristics of right-sided heart failure? ✅JVD
Hepatomegaly
Splenegomaly
Vascular congestion of the GI tract
Peripheral edema (in the legs)
, Where does blood back up to in right-sided failure? ✅The right atrium and venous
systemic circulation
Where does blood back up to in left-sided heart failure? ✅The pulmonary veins
What is the first sign of heart failure? What happens as a result? ✅Increased HF &
Increased BP
The lungs try to supply more oxygen
What are nursing interventions for a patient with heart failure (initial)? ✅O2
Fluid restriction
Loop diuretics - lasix
Beta-blocker
High fowlers position
What does a beta-blocker do for a patient with heart failure? ✅Slow down the heart
What is the best way to tell in treatment with diuretics has been successful? ✅DAILY
WEIGHT!
What is decompensating heart failure? ✅Worsening of the symptoms
What are early signs of decompensating heart failure? ✅Pulmonary edema
Increased RR
Decrease in PaO2
What are later signs of decompensating heart failure? ✅Tachypnea (>30)
Respiratory acedemia
Explain the used of nipride: ✅Administered IV
Sianide derivative
Decreases preload and after load
Increases contractile force
Decreased pulmonary congestion
What does natrecor do? ✅Dilates the veins and arteries
What is preload? ✅The amount of blood left after diastole
What is afterload? ✅The resistance the ventricle has to pump against
What does and increase in preload do? ✅Causes dilation
