SPCE 611- Exam 1 (Mod 1-2) UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
ABA - CORRECT ANSWER- scientific approach for discovering environmental variables
that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of
behavior change that takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description - CORRECT ANSWER- collection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction - CORRECT ANSWER- relative probability that when one event occurs, another
event will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control - CORRECT ANSWER- highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation - CORRECT ANSWER- specific change in one event (DV) can reliably
be produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
, 6. philosophic doubt
Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER- presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly
place in which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER- practice of objective observation of phenomena of
interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
Experimentation - CORRECT ANSWER- basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER- carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions where only one factor at
a time (IV) differs
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER- the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability
and usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER- the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules
out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are
considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt - CORRECT ANSWER- the continual questioning of the truthfulness and
validity of all scientific theory and knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
ABA - CORRECT ANSWER- scientific approach for discovering environmental variables
that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of
behavior change that takes practical advantage of those discoveries
** socially important behaviors
What are the three types of investigations in science? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
Description - CORRECT ANSWER- collection of facts about observed events that can be
quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations
- suggests hypotheses or questions
Prediction - CORRECT ANSWER- relative probability that when one event occurs, another
event will or will not occur
- based on repeated observations that reveal correlations
- no causal relationships can be interpreted
Control - CORRECT ANSWER- highest level of scientific understanding
- functional relations can be derived
Functional Relation - CORRECT ANSWER- specific change in one event (DV) can reliably
be produced by specific manipulations of another event (IV)
What are the six scientific attitudes? - CORRECT ANSWER- 1. determinism
2. empiricism
3. experimentation
4. replication
5. parsimony
, 6. philosophic doubt
Determinism - CORRECT ANSWER- presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly
place in which all phenomena occur as a result of other events
- assumption upon which science is predicated
- events do not just occur at will
- events are related in systematic ways
Empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER- practice of objective observation of phenomena of
interest
- what all scientific knowledge is built upon
Experimentation - CORRECT ANSWER- basic strategy in most sciences
Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER- carefully conducted comparison of some measure of the
phenomenon of interest (DV) under two or more different conditions where only one factor at
a time (IV) differs
Replication - CORRECT ANSWER- the repeating of experiments to determine the reliability
and usefulness of findings
- includes repetition of IV conditions
- methods where mistakes are discovered
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER- the idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules
out, experimentally or conceptually, before more complex or abstract explanations are
considered
- helps scientists fit findings within the field's existing knowledge base
Philosophic Doubt - CORRECT ANSWER- the continual questioning of the truthfulness and
validity of all scientific theory and knowledge
- involves the use of scientific evidence before implementing a new practice
- constantly evaluates effectiveness of the practice after implementation
