Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 15th Edition TEST BANK by
Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete
Newest Version
Pharmacology - ANSWER:study of f the history, source, physical and chemical
properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of
action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic
and other uses of drugs
Drug - ANSWER:any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may
modify one or more of its functions
Toxicology - ANSWER:study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body
parts
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER:where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical
changes occur, how they are removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption - ANSWER:the movement of a drug from the site of administration to
bloodstream; intake of a drug into the system
Distribution - ANSWER:the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the
body; where the drug goes following absorption
Elimination - ANSWER:the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER:what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects - ANSWER:generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the
body by the bloodstream to internal organs
Effect - ANSWER:the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action - ANSWER:the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the
product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants
Response - ANSWER:is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 - ANSWER:median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to
achieve 50% of desired response in 50% of the population
TD50 - ANSWER:median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of
population reporting this specific toxic effect
, LD50 - ANSWER:median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50%
mortality from toxicity
EC50 - ANSWER:half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at
which 50% of its maximum response is observed
LC50 - ANSWER:half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50%
mortality
Quantal dose response curve - ANSWER:A graph of the fraction of a population that
shows a specified response at progressively increasing doses
Continuous dose response curve - ANSWER:A graph of increasing response to
increasing drug concentration or dose
Potency EC50 - ANSWER:amount of drug needed to produce a certain response
Therapeutic window - ANSWER:dosage range between the minimum effective
therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration
Efficacy - ANSWER:the maximum response of a drug
Ability of drugs to accomplish what it is intended to do
Therapeutic index - ANSWER:the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic
concentrations of a drug; TD50/ED50
Administration - ANSWER:ways of drug delivery
Metabolism - ANSWER:enzymatic breakdown of the drug
Routes of administration - ANSWER:oral, sublingual, transdermal, intravenous,
subcutaneous, rectal, intramuscular, epidural, pulmonary absorption, topical,
mucousal/nasal
Bioavailability - ANSWER:the portion of the drug that reaches the bloodstream
Lipid diffusion - ANSWER:non-charged molecules can pass through lipid membranes
Passive aqueous diffusion - ANSWER:moves from high concentration towards low;
can be via spaces between cells or in large liquid volumes (blood stream)
Active transport - ANSWER:carriers grab the drug and use energy to move it across
the membrane
Antacids - ANSWER:affects pH (gastric)
Laxatives - ANSWER:gastric emptying
Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete
Newest Version
Pharmacology - ANSWER:study of f the history, source, physical and chemical
properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effect, mechanisms of
action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic
and other uses of drugs
Drug - ANSWER:any chemical agent that when taken into a living organism may
modify one or more of its functions
Toxicology - ANSWER:study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body
parts
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER:where drugs go, how long they stay, what chemical
changes occur, how they are removed; effect of body on a drug
Absorption - ANSWER:the movement of a drug from the site of administration to
bloodstream; intake of a drug into the system
Distribution - ANSWER:the transfer of a drug from one location to another within the
body; where the drug goes following absorption
Elimination - ANSWER:the removal of materials from the body; removal of a drug
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER:what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action
systemic effects - ANSWER:generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the
body by the bloodstream to internal organs
Effect - ANSWER:the change in the organism caused by the chemical
Law of Mass Action - ANSWER:the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the
product of the activities or concentrations of the reactants
Response - ANSWER:is a function of the drug-receptor complex
ED50 - ANSWER:median effective dose; therapeutic effect; the dose required to
achieve 50% of desired response in 50% of the population
TD50 - ANSWER:median toxic dose; toxic effect; the dose required to get 50% of
population reporting this specific toxic effect
, LD50 - ANSWER:median lethal dose; lethal effect; dose required to achieve 50%
mortality from toxicity
EC50 - ANSWER:half maximum effective concentration; concentration of a drug at
which 50% of its maximum response is observed
LC50 - ANSWER:half lethal concentration; concentration of a drug at which 50%
mortality
Quantal dose response curve - ANSWER:A graph of the fraction of a population that
shows a specified response at progressively increasing doses
Continuous dose response curve - ANSWER:A graph of increasing response to
increasing drug concentration or dose
Potency EC50 - ANSWER:amount of drug needed to produce a certain response
Therapeutic window - ANSWER:dosage range between the minimum effective
therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration
Efficacy - ANSWER:the maximum response of a drug
Ability of drugs to accomplish what it is intended to do
Therapeutic index - ANSWER:the ratio between the toxic and therapeutic
concentrations of a drug; TD50/ED50
Administration - ANSWER:ways of drug delivery
Metabolism - ANSWER:enzymatic breakdown of the drug
Routes of administration - ANSWER:oral, sublingual, transdermal, intravenous,
subcutaneous, rectal, intramuscular, epidural, pulmonary absorption, topical,
mucousal/nasal
Bioavailability - ANSWER:the portion of the drug that reaches the bloodstream
Lipid diffusion - ANSWER:non-charged molecules can pass through lipid membranes
Passive aqueous diffusion - ANSWER:moves from high concentration towards low;
can be via spaces between cells or in large liquid volumes (blood stream)
Active transport - ANSWER:carriers grab the drug and use energy to move it across
the membrane
Antacids - ANSWER:affects pH (gastric)
Laxatives - ANSWER:gastric emptying
