NU570 Patho final study questions with 100- correct answers.

A 40-year old man had retro-sternal pain that was most pronounced when lying down after meals. This was associated with regurgitation of gastric acid into his mouth. What is the most likely cause of this condition? SLIDING HIATIAL HERNIA He has acid reflux and may have Barrett's esophagus. Most likely the cause of this that is identifiable is a sliding hiatial hernia A 60-year old man with a history of heavy smoking and alcohol consumption could not swallow meat. What could account for dysphagia in this patient? R/O ESOPHAGEAL CA Think obstruction. It can not be congenital. R/O esophageal cancer. The only known risk factors are smoking, alcohol, Barretts esophagus and reflux Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More A 40-year old man complained of epigastric pain 3 to 4 hours after meals. He could pinpoint the most painful site on the anterior abdominal wall. What is the most likely diagnosis? PUD-can distinguish based on time after meals if it is duodenal or gastric ulcer H pylori. A 20-year old woman complained of frequent bowel movements and bloody stools. Biopsy of the colon revealed ulceration of the superficial bowel mucosa. What is the most likely diagnosis? ULCERATIVE COLITIS-blood superficial mucosa Chrons-transmural inflamation goes all the way through the wall of the colon abssess A 60-year old man reported having thinned stools that were tinged with blood. What is a likely diagnosis? COLE RECTAL CANCER r/o obstruction A 20-year old woman became jaundiced 3 weeks after vacationing in Mexico. She had no other symptoms. Could a viral infection be responsible her condition? YES HEP A- the water supply may be contaminated. Will not become chronic. Self limited. Flu like symptoms. Life time immunity A chronic alcoholic developed high fever, nausea, and vomiting accompanied by jaundice after a 3-day drinking binge. What is the likely cause of acute hepatitis in this patient? ALCOHOLIC HEP-an alcoholic binge drinking flu like symptoms inflammation of the liver bc of injury to the liver Binge drinking can also cause aspiration pneumonia, and acute pancreatitis An obese, 45-year old woman developed spasmodic pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen 1-hour after ingesting a fat-laden meal. What is the most likely diagnosis? GALLSTONES,CHOLECYSTITIS,CHOLELITHIASIS this pain sometimes radiates to the back Sudden enlargement of the liver was noted in a 50-year old man who was infected with hepatitis B virus during puberty and who developed signs of cirrhosis at the age of 40 years. The differential diagnosis included liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Which test should be ordered to substantiate the diagnosis of liver cancer? ALPHA FETOPROTEIN- Hep B can be chronic Alpha fetaoprotein blood test for cancer. Elevated in pt with liver cancer. Following two-days of heavy drinking, a 40-year old man developed upper abdominal pain. You suspect acute pancreatitis. Which blood tests should you order? AMYLASE LIPASE AND CBC A chronic alcoholic had indigestion and bulky, foul-smelling fatty stools (steatorrhea). Radiographic examination of the abdomen revealed dystrophic calcification of the pancreas. What was the most likely cause of this condition? CHRONIC PANCREATITIS MALABSORPTION- pancreatic enzymes are necessary to breakdown and digest the food and they move through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum. So without those enzymes you are going to have malabsorption and foul smelling fatty stools. The mother of a 3-month old child palpated a mass on the left side of the child's abdomen. What is the most likely diagnosis for this mass? What would the diagnosis be if this mass were a neoplasm? CYSTIC RENAL DYSPLASIA- birth defect abdominal mass on the flank in a child could be many things. but if it is a tumor it would be WILMS TUMOR. If neoplasm it would be wilms tumor. A 40-year old man has end-stage kidney failure and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. What is the most likely diagnosis? ADULT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE genetic A 4-year old child developed puffiness around the eyes and became chronically sleepily 2 weeks after an episode of "strep-throat". The mother noted that the child's urine was dark brown and was being excreted in small amounts. What is the probably diagnosis? Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis- oligueria and peripheral edema. Infectious disease process centered not on the collecting ducts but it is centered on the glomerulus and bowman's capsule and capillary tuft. The inflammatory cells are right there NEPHRITIC SYNDROME A 40-year old man noticed generalized swelling, most prominently in his face and lower extremities. His physician discovered proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. What is the most likely cause of edema in this case? NEPHROTIC SYNDROME most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids is minimal change disease. proteinuria and peripheral edema. A 46-year old man noticed brown-red urine and, over a period of 6 days, stopped urinating all together. What is the probable diagnosis? ACUTE RENAL FAILURE-causes acute tubular necrosis dialysis A 50-year old man who underwent a routine medical check-up was found to have blood in his urine. X-ray studies revealed a renal mass on the left side. What is the probable cause of this hematuria? RENAL CELL C