CMP Exam One 2024 with Questions and 100%
Correct Answers
How do kidneys maintain water/electrolyte balance? - Answer retaining or excreting
more water
What is the major osmole in serum? - Answer sodium
high serum glucose - Answer hyperglycemia
high sodium in the serum - Answer hypernatremia dehydration
High H2O loss via kidney due to lack of ADH anti diuretic hormone - Answer diabetes
insipidus
Disorders that cause high serum osmolality - Answer hyperglycemia
hypernatremic dehydration
toxins
diabetes insipidus
kidney disease
disorders that cause low serum osmolality and hyponatremia - Answer overhydration
hypothyroidism
SIADH
, disorder that cause excess ADH which retains water and causes reduced sodium -
Answer syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Causes of SIADH - Answer CNS: severe head trauma, large brain hemorrhage, tumors,
infections, psychosis
Endocrine
Lung: TB, pneumonia, lung cancer
In a diseased glomeruli that is leaky, what can that lead too? - Answer proteinuria
What does a healthy proximal tubule do? - Answer reabsorbs H2O, Na, Cl, glucose,
amino acids, bicarbonate
What is the function of the loop of henle? - Answer active Na/K pumps create
hypermolar interstitium of the renal medulla which is critical for water reabsorption
from the distal tubule and collecting ducts
function of juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer senses and responds to renal perfusion
pressure and Na conc. in the afferent arteriole
When does JGA release renin? - Answer when renal perfusion pressure is low or Na
conc. is low
How does renin work? - Answer releases angiotensin, which releases aldosterone from
adrenal glands. Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption at distal renal tubule and
collecting duct
Correct Answers
How do kidneys maintain water/electrolyte balance? - Answer retaining or excreting
more water
What is the major osmole in serum? - Answer sodium
high serum glucose - Answer hyperglycemia
high sodium in the serum - Answer hypernatremia dehydration
High H2O loss via kidney due to lack of ADH anti diuretic hormone - Answer diabetes
insipidus
Disorders that cause high serum osmolality - Answer hyperglycemia
hypernatremic dehydration
toxins
diabetes insipidus
kidney disease
disorders that cause low serum osmolality and hyponatremia - Answer overhydration
hypothyroidism
SIADH
, disorder that cause excess ADH which retains water and causes reduced sodium -
Answer syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Causes of SIADH - Answer CNS: severe head trauma, large brain hemorrhage, tumors,
infections, psychosis
Endocrine
Lung: TB, pneumonia, lung cancer
In a diseased glomeruli that is leaky, what can that lead too? - Answer proteinuria
What does a healthy proximal tubule do? - Answer reabsorbs H2O, Na, Cl, glucose,
amino acids, bicarbonate
What is the function of the loop of henle? - Answer active Na/K pumps create
hypermolar interstitium of the renal medulla which is critical for water reabsorption
from the distal tubule and collecting ducts
function of juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer senses and responds to renal perfusion
pressure and Na conc. in the afferent arteriole
When does JGA release renin? - Answer when renal perfusion pressure is low or Na
conc. is low
How does renin work? - Answer releases angiotensin, which releases aldosterone from
adrenal glands. Aldosterone increases Na reabsorption at distal renal tubule and
collecting duct
