PMY 302 Lec 1 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

PMY 302 Lec 1 Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions Drug - Answer️️ -Any agent that affects the living process, including chemicals that mimic or antagonize endogenous substances Dose - Answer️️ -Amount of medication administered at a single time Response - Answer️️ -Effect of a drug on the body, including both intended and unintended effects Therapeutic Response - Answer️️ -Is a response you are looking for the drug to do. In heroin's case it's used for pain relief (very good at that) Adverse Response - Answer️️ -Are side effects (e.g. heroin has many). Independence, rolling into drug abuse. Respiratory depression (life threatening) Toxic Response - Answer️️ -Toxic leukoencephalopathy (holes in your brain) Produces vacuoles resulting in holes in the brain (toxic response of heroin). Idiosyncratic Responses - Answer️️ -Has to do with individual's hypersensitivity. Allergic Reaction - Answer️️ -Nerve occurs on first response (because allergic reaction is a response built up by immune system, so upon first exposure to drug it does not have adverse response. but immune response under the radar decides that its foreign and builds up resources to combate foriegn object in body. So in sunsequent eposure its allergic reaction) Page 2 of 5 Idiosyncratic Drug Response - Answer️️ -Can occur on first exposure to medication only occurs in succpetible individuals and how to identiy these individuals not very clear but it's presumed to be genetic or metabolic abnormality and it's really unknown. Does not occur in most patients, does not generally involve immune response. Very unpredictable occurence. Anaphylaxis - Answer️️ -Can cause respiratory constriction, rashes, etc...these can all be mediated through mast cells and other components of immune system but just because they go through immmune system doesn't mean its an allergic reaction. Allergic reaction must start with antibodies that have been rasied by body agains't particaly antigens that would then mediate immune response. Can get anaphylaxis from a variet of things such as other immunological things (eg complement system activation) but also non immunological things (e.g. exercise, medications [our focus], opiates). Although causes vary, they do have a common endpoint; anaphylaxis. Adverse Reaction - Answer️️ -May result from either on-target (actually acting through target is suppose to acting through) or off-target interaction. 40% of hospitalizations are due to handful of drugs that require regular monitoring. They have this due to the possibility of adverse reactions. On Target ADR - Answer️️ -Warfarin is an example. This is a blood thinner so you are prone to stroke. It is doing what it's suppose to be doing, but because it thins your blood you are prone to stroke. (Doing what it should do, but too well maybe...adverse event due to therapeutic action of drug) Page 3 of 5 Off Target ADR - Answer️️ -Mast cell activation, rash, drug-allergy (antibody mediated: swelling, dermal abnormalities, etc). (Acting through differnet mechanism to produce adverse event). Pharmacogenomics - Answer️️ -Examines how an individual's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs Contraindication - Answer️️ -Pre Existing condition, or drug treatment, that will prevent the safe use of a drug. Many examples in parasympathetic; some drugs