NURS 4100 Test 2 With
Complete Solution
Digestive system - ANSWER 1. starts at mouth and nose/ends at rectum
2. GI tract starts at esophagus
3. blood supply for abdomen- splanchnic circulation (Splank-nik)/ GI receives
largest CO
Upper GI/Mouth - ANSWER 1. swallowing
2. salivation
3. pharynx
4. esophagus behind the trachea
Upper GI - ANSWER 1. stomach
2. gallbladder- stores bile
3. pancreas- exocrine function: digestive enzymes, endocrine function:
produces insulin and glucagon, retroperitoneal
4. duodenum: first part of small intestine, pancreatic enzyme empty & bile
empties here
lower GI - ANSWER 1. small intenstine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum/ digestion
and absorption
2. illeocecal valve
,3. large intestine: -ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
-storage of waste, water absorption
cecum withdrawal time - ANSWER time after cecum reached to time scope is
removed
-average 6 mins
risk for GIB (gastro intestinal bleeding) - ANSWER 1. h.pylori
2. extended NSAID use
3. smoking
4. Genetics
Clinical Manifestations of GIB - ANSWER 1. Hematochezia: red blood in stool
2. Melena: black, tarry stool
3. Occult blood: "hidden" blood- may present with term-9symptomatic
anemia, syncope
4. Hematemesis: vomiting blood, coffee grounds to red blood
5. abdominal discomfort
6. anywhere in GI/ can be life threatening
7. shock and MODS
8. H&H late sign of GIB
Upper GI causes: esophagus problems
-Esophageal Varices - ANSWER 1. cause: portal HTN, cirrhosis, PVT
, 2. s/sx: massive bleeding
3. Care:
-airway protection
-intubation and balloon placed
-blackmore/minnesota tube
1. Blake: esophagus balloon, gastric balloon, and gastric suction
2. Minn has that + esophageal suction port
Upper GIB causes
-esophagus problems: Mallory weiss - ANSWER 1. linear mucosal laceration
at gastroesophageal junction
2. cause: forceful emesis
3. s/sx:
-hematemesis, persistent bleeding requires EGD, hemoclip placement/epi
4. take PPI after resolution
Stress ulcer
ICU pts at risk - ANSWER 1. vent >48 hrs
2. coagulopathy
2. in 24 hrs of admin
Upper GI problems
Complete Solution
Digestive system - ANSWER 1. starts at mouth and nose/ends at rectum
2. GI tract starts at esophagus
3. blood supply for abdomen- splanchnic circulation (Splank-nik)/ GI receives
largest CO
Upper GI/Mouth - ANSWER 1. swallowing
2. salivation
3. pharynx
4. esophagus behind the trachea
Upper GI - ANSWER 1. stomach
2. gallbladder- stores bile
3. pancreas- exocrine function: digestive enzymes, endocrine function:
produces insulin and glucagon, retroperitoneal
4. duodenum: first part of small intestine, pancreatic enzyme empty & bile
empties here
lower GI - ANSWER 1. small intenstine: duodenum, jejunum, ileum/ digestion
and absorption
2. illeocecal valve
,3. large intestine: -ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
-storage of waste, water absorption
cecum withdrawal time - ANSWER time after cecum reached to time scope is
removed
-average 6 mins
risk for GIB (gastro intestinal bleeding) - ANSWER 1. h.pylori
2. extended NSAID use
3. smoking
4. Genetics
Clinical Manifestations of GIB - ANSWER 1. Hematochezia: red blood in stool
2. Melena: black, tarry stool
3. Occult blood: "hidden" blood- may present with term-9symptomatic
anemia, syncope
4. Hematemesis: vomiting blood, coffee grounds to red blood
5. abdominal discomfort
6. anywhere in GI/ can be life threatening
7. shock and MODS
8. H&H late sign of GIB
Upper GI causes: esophagus problems
-Esophageal Varices - ANSWER 1. cause: portal HTN, cirrhosis, PVT
, 2. s/sx: massive bleeding
3. Care:
-airway protection
-intubation and balloon placed
-blackmore/minnesota tube
1. Blake: esophagus balloon, gastric balloon, and gastric suction
2. Minn has that + esophageal suction port
Upper GIB causes
-esophagus problems: Mallory weiss - ANSWER 1. linear mucosal laceration
at gastroesophageal junction
2. cause: forceful emesis
3. s/sx:
-hematemesis, persistent bleeding requires EGD, hemoclip placement/epi
4. take PPI after resolution
Stress ulcer
ICU pts at risk - ANSWER 1. vent >48 hrs
2. coagulopathy
2. in 24 hrs of admin
Upper GI problems
