DAANCE Module 4 Graded A+

DAANCE Module 4 Graded A+ - Purpose of the Scavenging System: ️ Reduces levels of noxious agents to an acceptably low level by exhausting them outside the operating room. - Medical Gas Cylinder Colors: - ️ Blue - Nitrous Oxide - ️ Green - Oxygen - ️ Yellow - Compressed Air - ️ Brown - Helium - ️ Black - Nitrogen - ️ Gray - Carbon Dioxide - Airway Adjuncts (8): - ️ Head-tilt/Chin-lift - ️ Tongue traction suture - ️ Nasopharyngeal airway - ️ Oropharyngeal airway - ️ Laryngeal mask airway - ️ I-gel supraglottic airway - ️ Endotracheal tube - ️ Combitube - ️ Cricothyrotomy - Tongue Traction Suture: ️ When the tongue obstructs the airway, one or two sutures can be placed through the dorsum of the tongue and grasped with a large hemostat. - Nasopharyngeal Airway: ️ Does not interfere with procedures, well-tolerated, can be used on awake patients; passed through one of the nostrils into the nasal cavity and the oropharynx. - Oropharyngeal Airway: ️ Oral airway that may be used to position the tongue anteriorly; interferes with intraoral procedures and is not well tolerated in awake patients. - Supraglottic Airway: ️ Placed above the level of the vocal cords; includes two types: laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and I-gel supraglottic airway. Has a gastric port allowing access for a suction catheter to remove fluid and diminish aspiration risks. - Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA): ️ A plastic tube with a small air-inflated balloon that sits tightly over the top of the larynx; can be placed blindly without a laryngoscope; does NOT protect against aspiration. - I-gel Supraglottic Airway: ️ Similar to LMA but filled with gel rather than air, allowing adaptation to surrounding laryngeal tissues without needing inflation. Rapid insertion and less likely to become dislodged. - Endotracheal Tubes: ️ Can be placed blindly orally, nasally, or through a tracheostomy site; passes through vocal cords and is positioned halfway between the vocal cords and tracheal bifurcation. - Combitube: ️ Reserved for significant emergencies, can be placed blindly; usually ends up in the esophagus; both cuffs are inflated, allowing ventilation through either the esophagus or trachea. - Cricothyrotomy: ️ The quickest and easiest surgical airway; performed by making an opening through the thin membrane between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the larynx. - Defibrillator Types: ️ Two types: Full function or AED. - Full Function Defibrillator: ️ Paddles/pads can deliver electrical charges. Counter-shock is measured in joules; only practical definitive treatment for ventricular fibrillation (V-fib). - Automated External Defibrillator (AED): ️ Automatically assesses cardiac rhythm. Semi-automatic type instructs the operator to deliver a shock if advised; automatic type delivers shock automatically if V-fib is detected. Most are biphasic. - Cardiac Monitor: ️ Determines arterial pressure; incorrect cuff size can lead to false readings; a cuff should cover 80-100% of the arm's circumference. - Respiratory Ventilation Monitoring: ️ Observed through chest rise, anesthesia bag activity, or color change (very late sign of respiratory issues). - Pretracheal Stethoscope Sounds: - ️ Gurgling: Laryngospasm - ️ Wheezing: Bronchospasm - ️ Rumbling: Vomit - Pulse Oximeter (Pulse Ox): ️ Measures and displays oxygenated hemoglobin level compared to total hemoglobin; also measures pulse rate, perfusion, and oxygen saturation. - Capnograph: ️ Measures the level of carbon dioxide as the patient exhales. - Monitoring Anesthetic Depth: ️ Changes in vital signs and oxygen saturation are indicators; inadequate depth shows increased rates, while too deep shows decreased. Eyelid reflex lost during heavy sedation. - Anesthesia Machine Function Check Frequency: ️ Daily. - Color for Nitrous Oxide Cylinder in the US: ️ Blue.